Retrieve the Most Recent Matching Date within an Array

In my mongoDB database, I am searching for datasets with expired date values. When I say expired, I mean that the timestamp of the last element in an array is older than a certain interval from the current timestamp (determined by a category).

Each dataset contains a field structured like this:

{
  "field" : [
      {
        "category" : 1,
        "date" : ISODate("2019-03-01T12:00:00.464Z")
      },
      {
        "category" : 1,
        "date" : ISODate("2019-03-01T14:52:50.464Z")
      }
    ]
}

The category specifies the time interval. For instance, 'category 1' represents 90 minutes and 'category 2' stands for 120 minutes.

My goal is to retrieve datasets where the date value has expired, meaning that the last element in the array is older than 90 minutes before the current timestamp.

An example query could be:

Content.find({ 'field.$.date': { $gt: new Date() } })

However, I face two challenges with this approach:

  1. How do I target the last element in the array?
  2. How can I incorporate the category time interval into the query?

Answer №1

Let's break the problem down into smaller segments.

Retrieve the most recent element in an array

Part 1: Logical and Efficient

When working with MongoDB, you can easily query an array element based on its index position. For example, to access the first element of an array, you can use:

{ "field.0.date": { "$lt": new Date("2019-03-01T10:30:00.464Z") } }

For the last element, you might think the index should be "-1", but that's not valid in MongoDB notation. Instead, you can prepend new items to the beginning of the array, effectively reversing its content for easy access as shown above using the $position modifier:

collection.updateOne(
  { "_id": documentId },
  {
    "$push": {
      "field": { 
        "$each": [{ "category": 1, "date": new Date("2019-03-02") }],
        "$position": 0
      }
    }
  }
 )

This method allows newly added items to go to the beginning of the array. However, it may require re-ordering all existing items.

If your array doesn't change the date once set, you can sort the array by the date property in a single update statement using the $sort modifier:

collection.updateMany(
  {},
  { "$push": { "field": { "$each": [], "$sort": { "date": -1 } } } }
)

Depending on your implementation and data usage, choosing between sorting on every write or using $position: 0 is crucial.

Part 2: Alternative approach

If reversing the array seems impractical, you can calculate the last array element using the Aggregation Framework and $arrayElemAt operator:

collection.aggregate([
  { "$addFields": {
    "lastDate": { "$arrayElemAt": [ "$field.date", -1 ] }
  }}
])

This operation extracts the last value from the date property in each array element. Although this approach doesn't directly filter values, it gives you the option to choose which elements to keep.

... (remaining content stays the same)

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