Avoiding unlimited re-renders when using useEffect() in React - Tips and Strategies

As a new developer, I recently built a chat application using socket io. In my code, I have the useEffect hook set to only change when the socket changes. However, I also have setMessage within the body of useEffect(), with socket as a dependency. Unfortunately, this setup doesn't seem to work as expected and keeps re-running infinitely.

import React from 'react';
import ScrollToBottom from 'react-scroll-to-bottom';
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function Chat({ socket, username, room }) {
    const [currentMessage, setCurrentMessage] = useState("");
    const [messageList, setMessageList] = useState([]);
    
    const sendMessage = async () => {
        if (currentMessage !== "") {
            const messageData = {
                room: room,
                author: username,
                message: currentMessage,
                time: `${new Date(Date.now()).getHours()}:${new Date(Date.now()).getMinutes()}`
            };
            await socket.emit("send_message", messageData);
            setMessageList((list) => [...list,messageData]);
        }
    };

    useEffect(() => {
        socket.on("receive_message", (data) => {
          setMessageList((list) => [...list, data]);
          setCurrentMessage("");
        });
      }, [socket]);

    return (
        <div className='chat-window'>
            <div className='chat-header'>
                <p>Live Chat</p>
            </div>
            <div className='chat-body'>
                <ScrollToBottom className='message-container'>
                    {messageList.map((messageContent) => {
                        return (
                            <div className='message' id={username === messageContent.author ? "you" : "other"}>
                                <h1>{messageContent.message}</h1>
                            </div>
                        );
                    })}
                </ScrollToBottom>
            </div>
            <div className='chat-footer'>
                <input type="text" value={currentMessage} placeholder='Hey..' onChange={(event) => {
                    setCurrentMessage(event.target.value);
                }} 
                onKeyPress={(event) => {
                    event.key === 'Enter' && sendMessage();
                }}/>
                <button onClick={sendMessage}>►</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    );
}
export default Chat;

Is there a way to prevent the useEffect function from re-rendering unnecessarily?

Answer №1

The sendMessage function is stuck in a recursive loop, leading to an infinite repetition.

To potentially resolve this problem, consider eliminating the following line:

sendMessage((list)=>[...list,messageData]);

In addition, remember to exclude socket from the list of dependencies.

Answer №2

Not long ago, I encountered a similar issue and came up with some potential solutions:

  1. Include a listener in the file where the socket is initialized

Instead of passing the socket itself to the child component, consider only passing the necessary data to it.

For instance, in your index.js file:

const [messageList, setMessageList] = useState([]);

// Avoid using any dependencies here
useEffect(() => {
   let socket = init(); // or something

   socket.on("receive_message", (data) => {
      setMessageList((list) => [...list, data]);
      setCurrentMessage("");
   });
}, [])

return (
    <ChildComponent messageList={messageList} />
)

By following this approach, the useEffect should only trigger once. However, if you still wish to pass down the socket, opt for useRef instead of useEffect since it avoids re-renders and behaves like a regular variable.

  1. Utilize a Custom Window Dispatch Event Hook

If maintaining clean code is important, you could explore using the EventTarget.dispatchEvent() browser API. This method is often my go-to choice.

You can create custom hooks to emit and listen to data, as shown below:

const [data, setData] = useState<T | null>(null);

useEffect(() => {
    const handler = ((event: CustomEvent<CustomEventDetail>) => {
        if (event.detail.emitId === id) return;
        setData(event.detail.data);
    }) as EventListener;

    window.addEventListener(eventName, handler);

    return () => {
        window.removeEventListener(eventName, handler);
    };
}, [eventName, id]);

const emit = (data: T) => {
    const customEvent = new CustomEvent<CustomEventDetail>(eventName, {
        detail: {
            emitId:  id,
            data:  data,
        },
    });

    setData(data);
    window.dispatchEvent(customEvent);
};
  1. Implement a Validator within the useEffect

Another strategy to consider involves using a validator function.

useEffect(() => {
    socket.on("receive_message", (data) => {
        if (currentMessage !== data.message) {
            setMessageList((list) => [...list, data]);
            setCurrentMessage("");
        }
    });
}, [socket]);

It's uncertain whether this will resolve the issue, but it's worth attempting.


Lastly, remember to utilize a return statement within the useEffect to prevent multiple function calls due to component re-rendering. An example:

const handler = () => {}
socket.on("receive_message", handler);

return () => {
    socket.off("receive_message", handler);
}

I hope these suggestions provide a resolution for you. Feel free to reach out if any of the mentioned solutions work!

Answer №3

Have you considered passing the receive_message socket listener outside of the useEffect function? Maybe give it a try without using useEffect and see if there are any differences.

socket.on("receive_message", (data) => {
      updateMessageList((list) => [...list, data]);
      setNewMessage("");
});

Answer №4

There's no need to include socket as a dependency in this case.

Give this code snippet a try and inform me of the results.

Use this useEffect hook:
useEffect(() => {
  socket.on("receive_message", (data) => {
     setMessageList((list) => [...list, data]);
     setCurrentMessage("");        
  });
  
  return () => {
     socket.off('receive_message');
  }
}, []);

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