Why is it necessary to include brackets when using the reduce function in this context?

Currently, I am diving into Eloquent Javascript and have reached chapter 5, which delves into Higher Order Functions. One of the problems posed in this section involves flattening an array of multiple arrays. The provided solution in the book utilizes an arrow function with parentheses at the end of the line of code. This got me thinking - why are these brackets necessary? When I tested the same code without them, I obtained the same output. My aim is to grasp the significance of these brackets so that I can comprehend the reduce method more effectively and avoid potential pitfalls in the future. Here you can see both versions, yielding identical results.

Despite scouring through various platforms like forums, Stack Overflow, MDN, and w3schools, I could not find a satisfactory explanation.

var arrays = [[1,2,3],[4,5],[6,7],[8,9]];

console.log(arrays.reduce(function(a, b) { return a.concat(b)},[]));
// Brackets----------------------------------------------------^^^
console.log(arrays.reduce(function(a, b) { return a.concat(b)}));
// No Brackets-----------------------------------------------^^^

//result = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Even though both versions yield the same result, there must be a rationale behind including those brackets. I am eager to learn the reason for their presence and understand their purpose. Any insights on this matter would be greatly appreciated!

Answer №1

Click here to learn more about Array.reduce method

Starting Value:

The initial value serves as the first argument for the callback function during the first call. If no starting value is provided, the first element in the array will be used. Attempting to execute reduce() on an empty array without a starting value will result in an error.

An illustration of the significance of the initial value:

var fruit = ['apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'apple', 'banana', 'apple', 'apple', 'apple'];

console.log(fruit.reduce(function(a, b) { a[b]++; return a; },{apple: 0, banana: 0}));
// Output: { apple: 5, banana: 3 }

console.log(fruit.reduce(function(a, b) { a[b]++; return a; }));
// Output: apple

As demonstrated in this example, providing an appropriate initial value leads to the desired outcome - the tally of each fruit type. Omitting the initial value simply causes the code to repeatedly output the word "apple."

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