What is the reason for the creation of several monomorphic caches instead of a single polymorphic one

Currently, I am immersed in an enlightening article about monomorphism. Within this article, a fascinating code snippet caught my attention:

function ff(b, o) {
  if (b) {
    return o.x
  } else {
    return o.x
  }
}

ff(true, { x: 1 })
ff(false, { x: 2, y: 0 })
ff(true, { x: 1 })
ff(false, { x: 2, y: 0 })

The burning question posed is: how many property access inline caches reside within the function ff? And what state are they currently in? The answer lies in the fact that there are 2 caches, both embracing monomorphic characteristics as they solely interact with objects of one shape.

Intriguingly, I initially anticipated encountering a polymorphic cache due to an earlier example provided by the author:

f({ x: 4, y: 1 }) // polymorphic, degree 2
f({ x: 5, z: 1 }) // polymorphic, degree 3
f({ x: 6, a: 1 }) // polymorphic, degree 4
f({ x: 7, b: 1 }) // megamorphic

It appears that in this scenario, the function receives objects of varying structures which inevitably transform the monomorphic cache into a polymorphic one. This has left me pondering over why the situation contrasts significantly with the example discussed in the aforementioned question.

Answer №1

The concept of "inline cache" is present at every unique property reference in the code. For example, consider the following function:

function ff(b, o) {
  if (b) {
    return o.x   // IC here
  } else {
    return o.x   // IC here
  }
}

In this function, each return statement has its own inline cache. When the function is called with different object shapes, each cache will only store information about that specific shape. After multiple calls to ff(), the cache for each statement will have only encountered one particular shape.

However, after a fifth invocation of the function as shown below:

ff(true, { x: 1, z: 10 });

The first inline cache would have now observed two different shapes, leading to it becoming polymorphic in nature.

Answer №2

Each time you access the property o.x, a new IC is created, even if it is the same property of the same object being accessed repeatedly.

By running node --trace-ic someScript.js, you can observe which line numbers correspond to the ICs generated.

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