What is the purpose of Access-Control-Allow-Headers in an HTTP response and why is it important to include it?

I've been working through a tutorial on using express and have come across the following routes:

module.exports = function(app) {
    app.use(function(req, res, next) {
        res.header(
            "Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
            "x-access-token, Origin, Content-Type, Accept" 
        );
        next();
    });

    app.post(
        '/api/auth/signup',
        [
            verifySignUp.checkDuplicateUsernameOrEmail,
            verifySignUp.checkRolesExist
        ],
        controller.signup
    );

    app.post('/api/auth/signin', controller.signin);
};

Can someone explain, in simple terms, what these headers are for and why they're included in the response? I thought headers were typically set with a request.

I also tried running the app without including these headers and it worked fine. So, I'm not sure about their purpose.

Answer №1

When a request is made from one domain to a server hosted on another domain, the browser typically blocks it as a security measure. To work around this, servers use a mechanism known as CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) where they explicitly give permission for sharing resources with other domains. This permission is indicated in the response headers using the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header.

In simple terms, CORS is like telling the browser, "Hey! I want to allow sharing of this resource with another domain. Don't block it."

If a server responds with:

 Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *, 

It means the resource can be accessed by any domain. Alternatively, if the server sends:

Access-Control-Allow-Origin: "https://example.com"

Then, it means the resource can only be accessed on the specified domain (in this case, "https://example.com").

This explanation represents my current understanding of CORS. For more technical information, refer to: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Headers

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