What is the efficacy of utilizing temporary variables rather than constantly referencing the full values?

Consider an object structured as follows:

var foo = { a: { b: { c: { d: { e: { f: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ] } } } } } };

We have functions that use different parts of this object like so:

function doStuff() {
    if ( foo.a.b.c.d.e.f[ 5 ] >= some_important_filter_value ) {
        alert( "Some important filter value is " + foo.a.b.c.d.e.f[ 5 ] +
            "!!\nRun for your lives!!" );
    }
}

The values in foo are not expected to change frequently during function execution.

Is it more efficient to read the values from the object and store them as variables/constants, or is it acceptable to use the full path through the object foo each time?

For example,

function doStuff() {
    var mem = foo.a.b.c.d.e.f[ 5 ];
    if ( mem >= some_important_filter_value ) {
        alert( "Some important filter value is " + mem +
            "!!\nRun for your lives!!" );
    }
}

Which approach is considered better and why?

My testing in Google Chrome's JS console reveals that running loops with deep object queries compared to using temporary variable references showed similar performance. Does creating temporary variables bring any other advantages besides potential code/file size reduction and improved readability?

Could referencing the value directly from the object be more efficient than storing it in a temporary variable?

Why would var temp = foo.a.b.c... be preferred over using the reference we already have?

Ultimately, does the number of dots in the reference impact the efficiency, or is it negligible in the long run?

Answer №1

Delving into the intricate world of nitpicking, you will inevitably face the consequences of deciphering those references over and over again.

If we consider these as "classes" (constructed objects that may reference values on the ancestor chain), then you also bear the burden of not finding the value on the object directly and having to traverse up the prototype chain until you locate it (or reach Object.prototype, still miss the property, and encounter a reference error when trying to access a property of that absent object).

All in all, even if this added just 1ms in your performance tests of contemporary engines, I would be astounded.

Chrome's V8 engine excels at dynamically recompiling code, which involves tasks like unwinding loops, inlining functions, and more; as long as you maintain consistency in using functions (with comparable arguments/argument types) each time.

There were insightful discussions on this topic regarding developing game engines in Chrome around 2012, if memory serves me right.

The bottom line is that most routine tasks, once repeated a few times, ultimately get compiled down to an operation inline...

...in a modern browser...

You'd experience a performance setback the moment you execute something similar to

if (i % 3001) { a.b.e.f.g[6]; }
else { a.b.c.d.e.f[5]; }

...as seen in current engines.

If you were to conduct your load test on a Windows XP system from 2003, running IE6, your results would vary due to the aforementioned factors.

Your numbers shouldn't diverge by hundreds of milliseconds...
However, they should indicate the toll of dereferencing values repeatedly, with the performance penalty escalating if the properties are linked via prototypes, and increasing further based on the distance along the chain required to resolve each property.

In essence, I'm referring to browsers where comparisons between a.b.c and a["b"]["c"] yielded noticeable distinctions.

Answer №2

After conducting testing yourself and receiving confirmation from Matt Burland, it has been determined that nested object references do not significantly impact performance compared to copied references.

An important factor to monitor for performance optimization is the number of function calls. When you have a chain of functions like foo.a().b().c(), the cost of each function call can start to add up. This difference becomes more noticeable, as illustrated in my updated version of Matt's jsperf test: http://jsperf.com/temp-vs-dot/3

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