What is the best way to simulate a service that returns a promise when writing unit tests for AngularJS using Jasmine?

I have a service named myService that relies on another service called myOtherService. The latter makes a remote call and returns a promise. Here's the implementation:

angular.module('app.myService', ['app.myOtherService'])
  .factory('myService', [
    myOtherService,
    function(myOtherService) {
      function makeRemoteCall() {
        return myOtherService.makeRemoteCallReturningPromise();
      }

      return {
        makeRemoteCall: makeRemoteCall
      };      
    }
  ])

To create a unit test for myService, I need to mock myOtherService so that its method makeRemoteCallReturningPromise returns a promise. This is how it can be done:

describe('Testing remote call returning promise', function() {
  var myService;
  var myOtherServiceMock = {};

  beforeEach(module('app.myService'));

  // The mock should be injected when calling module(),
  // with module() placed before any inject()
  beforeEach(module(function ($provide) {
    $provide.value('myOtherService', myOtherServiceMock);
  }));

  // To properly construct the mock,
  // $q is needed to create a promise
  beforeEach(inject(function(_myService_, $q){
    myService = _myService_;
    myOtherServiceMock = {
      makeRemoteCallReturningPromise: function() {
        var deferred = $q.defer();

        deferred.resolve('Remote call result');

        return deferred.promise;
      }    
    };
  }

  // However, the value of myOtherServiceMock remains {}
  it('can perform a remote call', inject(function() {
    myService.makeRemoteCall() // Error: makeRemoteCall() is not defined on {}
      .then(function() {
        console.log('Success');
      });    
  }));  

From the example above, it's clear that defining the mock relies on $q, which is obtained through inject(). Additionally, injecting the mock should happen within module() before using inject(). Unfortunately, updating the value of the mock does not reflect the changes.

What is the correct approach to handle this situation?

Answer №1

When troubleshooting why a certain approach may not be working, I often opt to use the spyOn function. Here is an example:

describe('Testing remote call returning promise', function() {
  var myService;

  beforeEach(module('app.myService'));

  beforeEach(inject( function(_myService_, myOtherService, $q){
    myService = _myService_;
    spyOn(myOtherService, "makeRemoteCallReturningPromise").and.callFake(function() {
        var deferred = $q.defer();
        deferred.resolve('Remote call result');
        return deferred.promise;
    });
  }

  it('can do remote call', inject(function() {
    myService.makeRemoteCall()
      .then(function() {
        console.log('Success');
      });    
  }));

Additionally, keep in mind that you'll need to trigger a $digest call for the then function to execute. Check out the Testing section of the $q documentation for more details.

------EDIT------

Upon closer inspection of your code, it appears there may be an issue. In the beforeEach, you are assigning myOtherServiceMock to a new object instead of updating the existing reference. Make sure to adjust the current reference like so:

beforeEach(inject( function(_myService_, $q){
    myService = _myService_;
    myOtherServiceMock.makeRemoteCallReturningPromise = function() {
        var deferred = $q.defer();
        deferred.resolve('Remote call result');
        return deferred.promise;   
    };
  }

Answer №2

In addition to that, we can implement jasmine's method of directly returning a promise using a spy.

spyOn(anotherService, "executeAsyncTaskReturningPromise").andReturn($q.when({}));

For Jasmine version 2:

spyOn(anotherService, "executeAsyncTaskReturningPromise").and.returnValue($q.when({}));

(excerpt from comments, credit to ccnokes)

Answer №3

describe('testing a method() on a service', function () {    

    var mock, service

    function initialize(){
         return angular.mock.inject(function ($injector,, _serviceUnderTest_) {
                mock = $injector.get('service_that_is_being_mocked');;                    
                service = __serviceUnderTest_;
            });
    }

    beforeEach(module('yourApp'));
    beforeEach(initialize());

    it('checking if the method has a then', function () {
       //prepare                   
        var testSpy= spyOn(mock, 'actionBeingCalled').and.callFake(function () {
            return {
                then: function (callback) {
                    return callback({'foo' : "bar"});
                }
            };
        });

        //execute                
        var outcome = service.actionUnderTest(); // applying technique

        //validate 
        expect(testSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();  
    });
});

Answer №4

One way to mock your service is by using a stubbing library such as sinon. To mimic a promise, you can simply return $q.when(). Remember to call scope.$root.$digest() if the value of your scope object depends on the promise result.

var scope, controller, datacontextMock, customer;
  beforeEach(function () {
        module('app');
        inject(function ($rootScope, $controller,common, datacontext) {
            scope = $rootScope.$new();
            var $q = common.$q;
            datacontextMock = sinon.stub(datacontext);
            customer = {id:1};
           datacontextMock.customer.returns($q.when(customer));

            controller = $controller('Index', { $scope: scope });

        })
    });


    it('customer id should be 1.', function () {


            scope.$root.$digest();
            expect(controller.customer.id).toBe(1);


    });

Answer №5

utilizing the sinon library :

const fakeFunction = sinon.stub(MyService.prototype,'functionToMock')
                     .returns(httpPromise(200));

Keep in mind, the httpPromise function is defined as follows:

const httpPromise = (statusCode) => new Promise((resolve, reject) =>
  (statusCode >= 200 && statusCode <= 299) ? resolve({ code: statusCode }) : reject({ code: statusCode, error:true })
);

Answer №6

It's important to approach this situation differently and not rely solely on inject for mocking a service; using module is a more effective method. Additionally, calling inject in a beforeEach can create challenges when trying to mock on a per test basis.

My recommended approach would be...

module(function ($provide) {
  // By using a decorator we can access $q and stub our method with a promise.
  $provide.decorator('myOtherService', function ($delegate, $q) {

    $delegate.makeRemoteCallReturningPromise = function () {
      var dfd = $q.defer();
      dfd.resolve('some value');
      return dfd.promise;
    };
  });
});

By following this method, your injected service will have a properly mocked method ready for use.

Answer №7

I just discovered a helpful function in my code, where I utilized the stabbing service feature with sinon.stub().returns($q.when({})):

this.myService = {
   myFunction: sinon.stub().returns( $q.when( {} ) )
};

this.scope = $rootScope.$new();
this.angularStubs = {
    myService: this.myService,
    $scope: this.scope
};
this.ctrl = $controller( require( 'app/bla/bla.controller' ), this.angularStubs );

Within the controller:

this.someMethod = function(someObj) {
   myService.myFunction( someObj ).then( function() {
        someObj.loaded = 'bla-bla';
   }, function() {
        // failure
   } );   
};

Here is the corresponding test:

const obj = {
    field: 'value'
};
this.ctrl.someMethod( obj );

this.scope.$digest();

expect( this.myService.myFunction ).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect( obj.loaded ).toEqual( 'bla-bla' );

Answer №8

Here is an improved version of the code snippet:

spyOn(myOtherService, "makeRemoteCallReturningPromise").and.returnValue(function() {
    return $q.resolve('Remote call result');
});

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