What are the top picks for enhancing color to be more vibrant in red, green, and other

When adjusting an RGB pixel map of a picture, which values would result in a more pronounced red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, or yellow appearance?

In my current JavaScript code, I am using the following RGB change values to enhance colors, but I am curious if there are more effective ratios according to color theory. For example, when increasing the amount of red, I currently use rgb(+45,-27,-27), however I am uncertain about the significance of the -27.

var strength = 45;
var strengthLess = strength - 18;
this.changeColorModes = {
        'moreRed'   : {r: strength, g: -strengthLess, b: -strengthLess},
        'moreGreen' : {r: -strengthLess, g: strength, b: -strengthLess},
        'moreBlue'  : {r: -strengthLess, g: -strengthLess, b: strength},
        'moreCyan'  : {r: -strengthLess, g: strengthLess, b: strengthLess},
        'moreMagenta'  : {r: strengthLess, g: -strengthLess, b: strengthLess},
        'moreYellow'  : {r: strengthLess, g: strengthLess, b: -strengthLess}
        };

Answer №1

When working with RGB values, it's important to remember that they cap at 255. So if you were to increase the RGB value (240, 10, 10) by a certain operation, it would first go beyond 255 to (285, -35, -35), and then wrap around to (29, 221, 221). This result is definitely not ideal.

Coming up with a proper solution can be challenging in this scenario, as it largely depends on visual preferences and the desired outcome. In image editing software like Photoshop, graphic artists often adjust the curves of individual color channels to achieve the desired effects. For example, when aiming to make an image "20% more red", one might multiply all red values by 1.2 and clamp any values above 255 to 255 to prevent overflow. Conversely, to reduce the cyan tones by "20%" (opposite of red), one could multiply all green and blue values by 0.8.

Answer №2

function zeroPad(num, totalDigits) {
    let padding = '0';
    num = num + '';
    while (num.length < totalDigits) {
        num = padding + num;
    }
    return num;
};

// Adjust the color based on a ratio between 0 and 1
function adjustColor(color, ratio, darker) {
    // Remove any leading/trailing whitespace
    color = color.replace(/^\s*|\s*$/, '');

    // Expand short hex codes to full six-digit format
    color = color.replace(
        /^#?([a-f0-9])([a-f0-9])([a-f0-9])$/i,
        '#$1$1$2$2$3$3'
    );

    // Calculate the difference for adjusting the color
    var value = Math.round(ratio * 256) * (darker ? -1 : 1),
        // Check if the input is in RGB(A) format
        rgbValues = color.match(new RegExp('^rgba?\\(\\s*' +
            '(\\d|[1-9]\\d|1\\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])' +
            '\\s*,\\s*' +
            '(\\d|[1-9]\\d|1\\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])' +
            '\\s*,\\s*' +
            '(\\d|[1-9]\\d|1\\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])' +
            '(?:\\s*,\\s*' +
            '(0|1|0?\\.\\d+))?' +
            '\\s*\\)$'
        , 'i')),
        alphaValue = !!rgbValues && rgbValues[4] != null ? rgbValues[4] : null,

        // Convert hex to decimal
        decimalValue = !!rgbValues ? [rgbValues[1], rgbValues[2], rgbValues[3]] : color.replace(
            /^#?([a-f0-9][a-f0-9])([a-f0-9][a-f0-9])([a-f0-9][a-f0-9])/i,
            function() {
                return parseInt(arguments[1], 16) + ',' +
                    parseInt(arguments[2], 16) + ',' +
                    parseInt(arguments[3], 16);
            }
        ).split(/,/),
        result;

    // Return the adjusted RGB(A) or hex color
    return !!rgbValues ?
        'rgb' + (alphaValue !== null ? 'a' : '') + '(' +
            Math[darker ? 'max' : 'min'](
                parseInt(decimalValue[0], 10) + value, darker ? 0 : 255
            ) + ', ' +
            Math[darker ? 'max' : 'min'](
                parseInt(decimalValue[1], 10) + value, darker ? 0 : 255
            ) + ', ' +
            Math[darker ? 'max' : 'min'](
                parseInt(decimalValue[2], 10) + value, darker ? 0 : 255
            ) +
            (alphaValue !== null ? ', ' + alphaValue : '') +
            ')' :
        // Get the adjusted hex color
        [
            '#',
            zeroPad(Math[darker ? 'max' : 'min'](
                parseInt(decimalValue[0], 10) + value, darker ? 0 : 255
            ).toString(16), 2),
            zeroPad(Math[darker ? 'max' : 'min'](
                parseInt(decimalValue[1], 10) + value, darker ? 0 : 255
            ).toString(16), 2),
            zeroPad(Math[darker ? 'max' : 'min'](
                parseInt(decimalValue[2], 10) + value, darker ? 0 : 255
            ).toString(16), 2)
        ].join('');
};
function makeLighter(color, ratio) {
    return adjustColor(color, ratio, false);
};
function makeDarker(color, ratio) {
    return adjustColor(color, ratio, true);
};

// Example usage
var darkened = makeDarker('rgba(80, 75, 52, .5)', .2);
var lightened = makeLighter('rgba(80, 75, 52, .5)', .2);

This updated version now supports both RGB(A) and hex input formats (short and long).

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