What are the best strategies for breaking down an AngularJS application into smaller modules and managing routing effectively?

What is the most effective way to divide an AngularJS application into smaller modules? For instance, if I have a blog post with commenting functionality, I could potentially separate them into modules like "posts" and "comments", rather than having all the logic in one large module.

I attempted to initialize both modules in separate DOM elements and implement routing for each module. However, I encountered some issues:

  • Since it's a single-page application, the comments module is bootstrapped even on pages where it isn't needed.
  • Due to the restriction of using multiple ng-views within ng-app, I had to create wrappers for my modules in index.html and then bootstrap them. This approach feels somewhat incorrect. Where and how should these modules be initialized?
  • Any suggestions for handling routing? Should it be spread across modules or consolidated somehow? (e.g., creating a "blog" module that includes "posts" and "comments" as dependencies might make defining "/post/:id" routing challenging).

index.html

<div class="post"><ng-view></ng-view></div>
<div class="comments"><ng-view></ng-view></div>

javascript.js

angular.module('posts', []).config(['$routeProvider', function ($routeProvider) {
    $routeProvider
    .when('/', {
        'template': 'Showing all the posts',
        'controller': 'postCtrl'
    })
    .when('/post/:id', {
        'template': 'Showing post :id',
        'controller': 'postCtrl'
    });
}]);

angular.module('comments', []).config(['$routeProvider', function ($routeProvider) {
    $routeProvider.when('/post/:id', {
        'template': 'Showing post :id comments',
        'controller': 'CommentsCtrl'
    });
}]);

angular.bootstrap($('.post'), ['posts']);
angular.bootstrap($('.comments'), ['comments']);

Answer №1

One approach I would take is to divide the app into "view modules" and create sub-modules within them.

I would then utilize the $routeProvider in AngularJS to navigate between these views, defining routing configurations for each module separately.

If additional submodules are required, they can be loaded using ng-include.

/* App Module */

angular.module('MyApp', ['MyApp.home', 'MyApp.blog'])
.config( function myAppConfig ( $routeProvider ) {
    'use strict';
    $routeProvider.otherwise({ redirectTo: '/home' });
});


/* home Module */

angular.module('MyApp.home', [])
.config(['$routeProvider', function config( $routeProvider ) {
  $routeProvider.when('/home', {
    controller: 'HomeController',
    template: '<p>This is my Home</p>'
  });
}]);

To further elaborate on this concept, I have set up a repository on GitHub.

Answer №2

Creating routes within submodules is a great way to organize your AngularJS application:

angular.module('app', ['ngRoute', 'app.moduleX'])
.config(function($routeProvider, $locationProvider) {
  $routeProvider.when('/home', {
    templateUrl: 'partials/home.html',
    controller: 'HomeCtrl'
  });

  //Handle all exceptions
  $routeProvider.otherwise({
    redirectTo: '/home'
  });
})

angular.module('app.moduleX', []).config(function($routeProvider) {
  $routeProvider.when('/settings', {
    templateUrl: 'partials/settings.html',
    controller: 'SettingsCtrl'
  });
})

If you want more information on this topic, I've written a blog post about it.

Answer №3

We've been exploring a similar setup using a portal app and sub-apps, and here are some key findings:

  1. Only one "app" can have routes and routeParams. This means that if the "sub-app" requires access to $routeParams, you either have to resort to traditional URL parsing methods or implement an event service.
  2. When it comes to communication between apps, there is no built-in Angular service for this purpose. You'll need to create your own event service that communicates with the root scope of both apps and inject it into them.
  3. Interestingly, we haven't utilized ng-view for the "sub-app." It seems that bootstrapping directly to an element achieves similar results.
  4. Due to the limitation of only one app having routes, it's essential to bootstrap the apps in a specific order. For example:

    $( function () {
    
        $.when(angular.bootstrap($('.post'), ['posts'])).done( function() {
            console.log('POSTS: bootstrapped');
    
            //Manually add the controller to the comments element. (May or may not be  
            //necessary, but we were doing something that required it to work.)
            $('.comments').attr('ng-controller', 'CommentsCtrl');
    
            $.when(angular.bootstrap($('.comments'), ['comments'])).done( function() {
                console.log('COMMENTS: bootstrapped');
            });
    
        });
    });
    

Answer №4

It would be beneficial to utilize the "ui-router" routing module in your project.

If you need guidance, here is a helpful tutorial:

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