Vue 3 gracefully handles errors by displaying an alternative component

I am currently developing a rendering library for my Vue 3 + Vite project.

Essentially, I have a JSON array of products which I pass to a special <Render :products /> component.

This Render component reads all the JSON products and converts them into Vue components:

// Render.vue

<script setup lang="ts">
import { Product } from 'bitran';
import { resolveComponent } from 'vue';

const props = defineProps<{ products: Product[] }>();
const products = props.products;
</script>

<template>
    <template v-for="product in products">
        <component :is="resolveComponent(product.type)" :product />
    </template>
</template>

It is possible for errors to occur during the rendering process of JSON data to components.

How can I detect these errors when rendering <component ... /> and replace them with my custom <Error :msg /> component so that the rendering process doesn't halt and the end-user can see which product caused the issue and why?

For instance, if I purposely throw an Error within my <Paragraph> component, I would like for that <Paragraph> component to be converted into <Error> component instead:

// Paragraph.vue

<script setup lang="ts">
import { Paragraph } from 'bitran';
import { getProductAttrs, useProduct } from '@lib/content/util';
import Render from '@lib/Render.vue';

const block = useProduct<Paragraph>();

throw new Error('This message should be passed to <Error> component!'); // Error here
</script>

<template>
    <p v-bind="getProductAttrs(block)">
        <Render :products="block.content" />
    </p>
</template>

Answer №1

Enhance error handling in the setup() function by customizing it and adding error management:

VUE SFC PLAYGROUND

<script setup>
import {h} from 'vue';
import Paragraph from './Paragraph.vue';
import ParagraphOK from './ParagraphOK.vue';
import Error from './Error.vue';

const SafeComponent = (props, {slots}) => {
  let component;
  // extract 'is' property
  ({is:component, ...props} = props);
  // customize the setup function
  if(component.setup){
    let _setup = component.setup;
    // create a shallow copy of the component to prevent modifying the original components
    component = {...component, setup: function(props, extra){
      try{
        return _setup.call(component, props, extra ?? {});
      }catch(e){
        // return a render function with the error component rendered
        return () => h(Error, {message: e.message});
      }
    }};
  }
  return h(component, props, slots);
};
</script>

<template>    
        <safe-component :is="Paragraph"><template #header>Header</template>Paragraph</safe-component>
        <safe-component :is="ParagraphOK" product="Product">OK paragraph</safe-component>
</template>

Answer №2

To efficiently handle errors and access the component instance, it is recommended to use the onErrorCaptured hook. Extract the content of the component, display it, and ensure app stability by returning false. The second parameter in the hook callback helps identify the component instance responsible for the error:

CheckRender.vue

<script setup lang="ts">

import { onErrorCaptured } from 'vue';


const errorCausingComponents = ref([])

onErrorCaptured((_error, instance) => {
    errorCausingComponents.value.push(instance.$options.name)
    return false
})
</script>

<template>
   {{errorCausingComponents}}
    <-- other content -->
</template>

Make sure to assign a specific name to the component using the defineOptions macro:

<script setup>
throw new Error('Error in component B');
defineOptions({
  name: 'CompB'
})
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    component B
  </div>

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