Utilizing Selenium with JavaScript to programmatically interact with web elements embedded within iframes

I am currently attempting to access web elements within an iFrame programmatically. I am using the following method to verify this:

  • Check the URL of elements against the base URI
  • If they match, the web element is in the main DOM; if not, it is located in the iFrame
  • Utilize switchTo.frame() to navigate to the iFrame and interact with the elements inside

The above method involves the use of the following codes to obtain the URI of an element:

document.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].baseURI;

or

document.getElementsByClassName('w3-btn w3-border')[0].baseURI

Inquiries:

  1. Is there a function or method available to retrieve the baseURI using XPath? I prefer not to rely on Tagname or class name.

  2. Furthermore, how can this be accomplished when dealing with multiple iFrames or an iFrame nested within another iFrame?

  3. Your suggestions for alternative methods are welcomed.

javascriptseleniumxpathiframe

Answer №1

If you need assistance with automatically switching iframes using code, the following script can be helpful. This code is designed to handle two levels of iframes:

  • iframe - 1 ------> Level 1
  • iframe - 2 -------> Level 1
    ---- child iframe - 1 [under iframe 2 ] -------> Level 2
  • iframe - 3 ------> Level 1

Code Implementation:

async function switchToIframe(wdriver, xpath) {
    // Code snippet to switch between iframes
    
    wdriver.switchTo().defaultContent();
    
    let parentEleFound = false;
    let childEleFound = false;
    let parentFrameId;
    let childFrameId;
    
    await wdriver.findElements(By.tagName('iframe')).then(async function (parentFrames) {
        console.log("Total number of iframes: " + parentFrames.length);
        
        if (parentFrames.length > 0) {
            for (let i = 0; i < parentFrames.length; i++) {
                await wdriver.switchTo().frame(i); // Switch to parent iframe
                
                await wdriver.findElements(By.tagName('iframe')).then(async function (childFrames) {
                    if (childFrames.length > 0) {
                        for (let j = 0; j < childFrames.length; j++) {
                            await wdriver.switchTo().frame(j); // Switch to child iframe
                            
                            await wdriver.findElements(By.xpath(xpath)).then(async function (elements) {
                                console.log("Child frame loop : " + j);
                                console.log("Number of elements found: " + elements.length);
                                
                                if (elements.length == 1) {
                                    childFrameId = j;
                                    childEleFound = true;
                                }
                                
                                wdriver.switchTo().parentFrame(i); // Switch back to parent iframe
                            });
                            
                            if (childEleFound === true) {
                                await wdriver.switchTo().frame(childFrameId);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                });
                
                if (childEleFound === true) {
                    break;
                }
                
                await wdriver.findElements(By.xpath(xpath)).then(async function (elements) {
                    console.log("Parent frame loop: " + i);
                    console.log("Number of elements found: " + elements.length);
                    
                    if (elements.length === 1) {
                        parentFrameId = i;
                        parentEleFound = true;
                    }
                    
                    wdriver.switchTo().defaultContent(); // Switch back to main content
                });
                
                if (parentEleFound === true) {
                    await wdriver.switchTo().frame(parentFrameId);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    });
    
    console.log("Script execution to switch iframes completed.");
}

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