Unlocking the Power of Reusing Pre Middleware Functions in Mongoose

In order to reuse a pre-middleware function within another pre-middleware, I have extracted a function as shown below:

async function encryptPassword(next) {
    if (!this.isModified('password')) {
        return next();
    }
    this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, 5);
    this.passwordChangedAt = new Date();
    next();
}

UserSchema.pre('save', encryptPassword);

UserSchema.pre("findOneAndUpdate", encryptPassword);

However, an error is occurring stating that the this.isModified function is not recognized. It appears that this may be referencing something other than intended. How can this issue be resolved?

javascriptmongodbmongoose

Answer №1

After delving into these pre/post hooks using a debugger and the documentation, I made some interesting discoveries (applicable to both pre and post):

When using the save hook, the context of this is the document itself. This allows you to update its fields, call methods like isModified, and more. There should be no issues with this method.

On the other hand, when using the findOneAndUpdate hook, the context of this refers to a query rather than the document. The Query object does not have access to documents or their inherited methods (like isModified).

I verified this through debugging and can confirm that it aligns with the current documentation.

A comprehensive list of hooks can be found here: https://mongoosejs.com/docs/middleware.html#types-of-middleware

You will notice that only specific hooks allow for document modifications:

validate
save
remove
updateOne
deleteOne
init (note: init hooks are synchronous)

All other hooks do not permit this behavior, which appears to be intentional (https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/964).

To address any issues with findOneAndUpdate, it seems the most suitable approach is to rework it into separate queries using findOne and updateOne.

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