Unexpected output from the MongoDB mapReduce function

Having 100 documents stored in my mongoDB, I am facing the challenge of identifying and grouping possible duplicate records based on different conditions such as first name & last name, email, and mobile phone.

To achieve this, I am utilizing mapReduce to create key-value pairs for these 100 documents, essentially creating groupings within the data.

However, issues arise when a 101st duplicate record is introduced to the database. The output of the mapReduce operation for the other documents that are duplicates with the 101st record becomes corrupted.

For instance:

My current focus is on detecting duplicates based on first name & last name.

With the initial set of 100 documents, the result looks like this:

{
    _id: {
        firstName: "foo",
        lastName: "bar,
    },
    value: {
        count: 20
        duplicate: [{
            id: ObjectId("/*an object id*/"),
            fullName: "foo bar",
            DOB: ISODate("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")
        },{
            id: ObjectId("/*another object id*/"),
            fullName: "foo bar",
            DOB: ISODate("2000-01-02T00:00:00.000Z")
        },...]
    },

}

While this is the desired outcome, the scenario changes once more than 100 possible duplicates are present in the DB.

Consider the introduction of the 101st document:

{
    firstName: "foo",
    lastName: "bar",
    email: "<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="71171e1e311310035f121e1c">[email protected]</a>",
    mobile: "019894793"
}

The subsequent results for 101 and 102 documents look like this:

{
    _id: {
        firstName: "foo",
        lastName: "bar,
    },
    value: {
        count: 21
        duplicate: [{
            id: undefined,
            fullName: undefined,
            DOB: undefined
        },{
            id: ObjectId("/*another object id*/"),
            fullName: "foo bar",
            DOB: ISODate("2000-01-02T00:00:00.000Z")
        }]
    },

}
{
    _id: {
        firstName: "foo",
        lastName: "bar,
    },
    value: {
        count: 22
        duplicate: [{
            id: undefined,
            fullName: undefined,
            DOB: undefined
        },{
            id: undefined,
            fullName: undefined,
            DOB: undefined
        }]
    },

}

It appears that exceeding 100 possible duplicates causes this issue, similar to what was discussed in a related topic on stackoverflow without a working solution: MapReduce results seem limited to 100?

I am seeking suggestions or ideas on how to address this challenge.

Edit:

Initially, my source code looked like this:

var map = function () {
    var value = {
        count: 1,
        userId: this._id
    };
    emit({lastName: this.lastName, firstName: this.firstName}, value);
};

var reduce = function (key, values) {
    var reducedObj = {
        count: 0,
        userIds: []
    };
    values.forEach(function (value) {
        reducedObj.count += value.count;
        reducedObj.userIds.push(value.userId);
    });
    return reducedObj;
};

Now, I have updated it as follows:

var map = function () {
    var value = {
        count: 1,
        users: [this]
    };
    emit({lastName: this.lastName, firstName: this.firstName}, value);
};

var reduce = function (key, values) {
    var reducedObj = {
        count: 0,
        users: []
    };
    values.forEach(function (value) {
        reducedObj.count += value.count;
        reducedObj.users = reducedObj.users.concat(values.users); // or using the forEach method

        // value.users.forEach(function (user) {
        //     reducedObj.users.push(user);
        // });

    });
    return reducedObj;
};

I am unsure why the updated code is failing given that I am still pushing a value (userId) to reducedObj.userIds.

Could there be an issue with the value emitted in the map function?

Answer №1

Addressing the Challenge


In many cases, dealing with a common mapReduce pitfall can be challenging due to the lack of clear and proper explanations available. Therefore, providing an answer becomes necessary in such situations.

The key point that is often overlooked or misunderstood in the documentation lies here:

  • MongoDB might execute the reduce function multiple times for the same key. The previous output from the reduce function for that key then becomes one of the input values for the next invocation of the reduce function for that key.

Further down the documentation, it adds:

  • The return object's type must be identical to the value type emitted by the map function.

This means that as the number of duplicate key values increases beyond a certain threshold, the reduce stage may have trouble processing all of them in a single pass. Instead, the reduce method iterates multiple times, reusing outputs from previous reductions as inputs for subsequent passes.

MapReduce is designed to handle extensive datasets by incrementally 'reducing' data until arriving at a consolidated result per key. This underscores the significance of ensuring consistency between the structures of output produced by both emit and reduce.

Resolving the Issue


To rectify this issue, adjustments need to be made in both how data is emitted in the map function and processed in the reduce function:

...JavaScript code snippet provided...

This involves maintaining uniformity in the format used to emit data and initializing the reduce function with a compatible structure at the outset. By aligning these two components, you ensure smooth data flow throughout the process.

Alternative Approach


Considering the anticipated output, utilizing the aggregation framework could offer a more efficient solution compared to mapReduce. The aggregation framework simplifies the task and delivers faster results, making it a preferable choice in this scenario:

...Another JavaScript code snippet showcased here...

Whether employing mapReduce or aggregate, it is essential to bear in mind the limitation imposed by the 16MB document size. Storing 'duplicate' items within an array can potentially hit this restriction.

Moreover, unlike mapReduce, aggregation allows for excluding non-duplicate entries directly from the outcomes. MapReduce lacks this capability and would require post-processing steps to achieve similar filtering results.

The core documentation itself emphasizes:

NOTE
While the Aggregation Pipeline offers enhanced performance and coherence for most operations, map-reduce operations provide unique flexibility not currently accessible through the aggregation pipeline.

Hence, the decision on whether to utilize mapReduce or aggregation hinges on the specific requirements and nuances of the problem at hand.

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