Troubleshooting a VueJS Problem: Updating $data in the mounted hook

Revision

This snippet of Component.vue was extracted from a larger web application where I made a mistake that had significant consequences, all because of a small change I didn't initially notice.

An important distinction exists between the following code snippets:

mounted() {
    // ....
}

and:

mounted: () => {
    // ....
}

Upon a thorough review this morning, I identified this error in my coding and have rectified the question to accurately represent the faulty code.

Inquiry

Although fatigue might be clouding my judgment, before retiring for the night, I'm seeking assistance here to pinpoint the issue. A basic Vue component seems to be malfunctioning:

Component.vue:

<template>
    <div>
        <p v-for="item in items">{{ item.text }}</p>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        data() {
            return {
                items: []
            };
        },
        mounted: () => {
            var _this = this;
            $.ajax("/items.json").done(result => {
                _this.items = result;
            });
        }
    };
</script>

items.json

[
    {"text": "ABC"},
    {"text": "XYZ"}
]

The paragraphs are failing to render. Upon inspection, it appears that _this.items is undefined prior to its assignment in the AJAX handler (with an expected empty array), and _this.$data is also nonexistent.

~Does the context of this differ when used in the mounted method compared to elsewhere in Vue?~ Or did I overlook a simple mistake?

By implementing the mounted function with a colon, there's a shift in the value of this. Why does this alteration occur?

Answer №1

After conducting further research, I have come to understand the subtle distinction between regular functions and arrow functions. Initially, I mistakenly believed that arrow functions were simply a shorthand notation, but it turns out they lack their own context.

The use of an arrow function in the method mounted: () => {} means that it

...does not possess its own this, arguments, super, or new.target

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions

Here is a basic example illustrating the contrast, which can be experimented with in the Chrome console

let testFunc = function() { console.log(this); }
testFunc(); // Window {...}
testFunc.bind("test")(); // String {"test"}
testFunc = () => { console.log(this); }
testFunc(); // Window {...}
testFunc.bind("test")(); // Window {...}

When employing an arrow function, it becomes impossible to assign a value to this. Consequently, within Vue internals, they are unable to bind the Vue instance to this.

The method mounted() { } only utilizes the ES6 object shorthand, not an arrow function (therefore it does maintain its own context and you are able to bind the this variable)

Answer №2

Mounting hooks are commonly used hooks that give you access to your component before and after the initial render. These hooks are not executed during server-side rendering.

Use when: You need to interact with or modify the DOM of your component immediately before or after the first render.

Avoid using when: You need to fetch data for your component upon initialization. In such cases, use created() (or created + activated for keep-alive components), especially if the data is required for server-side rendering.

Consider changing mounted() to created() to see if it resolves any issues. Additionally, I recommend exploring axios as an alternative to $.ajax() for sending requests. Ensure that you are requesting the JSON file from the correct path.

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