Trigger IntersectionObserver refresh

Can an IntersectionObserver instance be updated or triggered to run manually? By default, the callback is executed when the viewport changes, but I am interested in activating it based on other events such as element changes.

For example:

During initialization, everything functions as expected. However, when the position of the #red element is altered, nothing occurs.

// elements
let green = document.querySelector('#green');
let red = document.querySelector('#red');

// observer callback
let callback = entries => {
  entries.forEach(entry => {
    let isInside = entry.intersectionRatio >= 1 ? "fully" : "NOT";
    console.log("#" + entry.target.id + " is " + isInside + " inside #container");
  });
};

// start observer
let options = {root: document.querySelector('#container')};
let observer = new IntersectionObserver(callback, options);
observer.observe(green);
observer.observe(red);

// button action
document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', () => {
  red.style.right = red.style.right == "" ? "0px" : "";
});
#container {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: blue;
  position: relative;
}

#green, #red {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background: green;
  position: absolute;
}

#red {
  background: red;
  right: -10px;
}
<button>move #red</button>
<br /><br />
<div id="container">
  <div id="green"></div>
  <div id="red"></div>
</div>

Is there a way to make this functionality work without having to manually stop and start observing the element again? This approach may work for a single element, but it becomes cumbersome if the observer is tracking hundreds of elements.

// elements
let green = document.querySelector('#green');
let red = document.querySelector('#red');

// observer callback
let callback = entries => {
  entries.forEach(entry => {
    let isInside = entry.intersectionRatio >= 1 ? "fully" : "NOT";
    console.log("#" + entry.target.id + " is " + isInside + " inside #container");
  });
};

// start observer
let options = {root: document.querySelector('#container')};
let observer = new IntersectionObserver(callback, options);
observer.observe(green);
observer.observe(red);

// button action
document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', () => {
  red.style.right = red.style.right == "" ? "0px" : "";
  observer.unobserve(red);
  observer.observe(red);
});
#container {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: blue;
  position: relative;
}

#green, #red {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background: green;
  position: absolute;
}

#red {
  background: red;
  right: -10px;
}
<button>move #red</button>
<br /><br />
<div id="container">
  <div id="green"></div>
  <div id="red"></div>
</div>

Answer №1

One way to update the intersection observer without having to manually call unobserve/observe on each node is by storing all observed nodes in a set:

class IntersectionObserverManager {
    constructor(observer) {
        this._observer = observer;
        this._observedNodes = new Set();
    }
    observe(node) {
        this._observedNodes.add(node);
        this._observer.observe(node);
    }
    unobserve(node) {
        this._observedNodes.remove(node);
        this._observer.unobserve(node);
    }
    disconnect() {
        this._observedNodes.clear();
        this._observer.disconnect();
    }
    refresh() {
        for (let node of this._observedNodes) {
            this._observer.unobserve(node);
            this._observer.observe(node);
        }
    }
}

Update: Utilize a Set instead of a WeakSet since Sets are iterable, eliminating the need to check if an element is being observed in the body. Always remember to call unobserve to prevent memory issues.

Answer №2

To make the Intersection observer work correctly, you just have to adjust the threshold setting to 1.0. Understanding this parameter can be a bit challenging. The threshold determines the percentage of the intersection at which the Observer will trigger the callback.

By default, the threshold is set to 0, which means the callback will be triggered when the very first or very last pixel of an element intersects a border of the capturing frame. If your element never completely leaves the capturing frame, the callback will never be called.

Setting the threshold to 1 instructs the observer to trigger the callback when the element is fully within the frame, at 100% inclusiveness. This means the callback will be triggered when there is a change in the state of complete inclusion. Hopefully, this explanation makes sense :)

// elements
let green = document.querySelector('#green');
let red = document.querySelector('#red');

// observer callback
let callback = entries => {
  entries.forEach(entry => {
    let isInside = entry.intersectionRatio >= 1 ? "fully" : "NOT";
    console.log("#" + entry.target.id + " is " + isInside + " inside #container");
  });
};

// start observer
let options = {root: document.querySelector('#container'), threshold: 1.0 };
let observer = new IntersectionObserver(callback, options);
observer.observe(green);
observer.observe(red);

// button action
document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', () => {
  red.style.right = red.style.right == "" ? "0px" : "";
});
#container {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: blue;
  position: relative;
}

#green, #red {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background: green;
  position: absolute;
}

#red {
  background: red;
  right: -10px;
}
<button>move #red</button>
<br /><br />
<div id="container">
  <div id="green"></div>
  <div id="red"></div>
</div>

Answer №3

It seems like the goal is to activate the IntersectionObserver by triggering it so that the callback function is executed. Instead of directly calling the callback function, why not initiate the activation process?

document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', () => {
  red.style.right = red.style.right == "" ? "0px" : "";
  activateObserver(red);
});

Answer №4

Using a MutationObserver is one method to achieve this. When a mutation occurs, such as a style change, you can call observe/unobserve on the specific element that was changed, rather than having to apply it to all elements.

Here is a sample implementation:

// observer callback
let callback = entries => {
  entries.forEach(entry => {
    let isInside = entry.intersectionRatio >= 1 ? "fully" : "NOT";
    console.log("#" + entry.target.id + " is " + isInside + " inside #container");
  });
};

// start observer
let options = {
  root: document.querySelector('#container')
};
let observer = new IntersectionObserver(callback, options);

const boxes = document.querySelectorAll('#container > div');
boxes.forEach(box => {
  observer.observe(box);
});

// button action
document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', () => {
  red.style.right = red.style.right == "" ? "0px" : "";
});



// Mutation observer
const targetNode = document.querySelector('#container');

// Options for the observer (which mutations to observe). We only need style changes so we set attributes to true. Also, we are observing the children of container so subtree is true
const config = {
  attributes: true,
  childList: false,
  subtree: true,
  attributeFilter: ["style"]
};

// Callback function to execute when mutations are observed
const mutationCallback = (mutationsList, mutationObserver) => {
  for (let mutation of mutationsList) {
    if (mutation.type === 'attributes') {
      console.log('The ' + mutation.attributeName + ' attribute was modified.');
      observer.unobserve(mutation.target);
      observer.observe(mutation.target);
    }
  }
};

// Create an observer instance linked to the callback function
const mutationObserver = new MutationObserver(mutationCallback);

// Start observing the target node for configured mutations
mutationObserver.observe(targetNode, config);
#container {
  width: 300px;
  height: 300px;
  background: lightblue;
  position: relative;
}

#green,
#red {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: green;
  position: absolute;
}

#red {
  background: purple;
  right: -10px;
}
<button>move #red</button>
<br /><br />
<div id="container">
  <div id="green"></div>
  <div id="red"></div>
</div>

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