Transmit a file using multipart with XMLHttpRequest

Is it possible to use XMLHttpRequest to send a multipart file to a servlet?

I am currently working on a form that needs to be submitted as multipart, but I am not receiving a response after successfully uploading it. It is important that the process happens via Ajax without refreshing the page.

Answer №1

To achieve this functionality, you will need to utilize the XHR FormData API. This API was previously known as part of "XHR2" or "XHR Level 2", and is currently referred to as "XHR Advanced Features."

If you have the following HTML,

<input type="file" id="myFileField" name="myFile" />

You can upload it using the code snippet below:

var formData = new FormData();
formData.append("myFile", document.getElementById("myFileField").files[0]);

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST", "myServletUrl");
xhr.send(formData);

The XHR will handle the appropriate headers, request body encoding, and the file will be available on the server side as a form-data part with the name myFile.

It's important to note that the FormData API is not supported in older browsers. You can check browser compatibility on caniuse.com, where it shows implementation in Chrome 7+, Firefox 3.5+, Safari 5+, Internet Explorer 10+, and Opera 12+.

If you are using jQuery, avoid using the $.val() function as it only returns the file name as a String, which does not contain the file contents. Instead, use one of the alternatives provided.

...

Answer №2

Sending data using multipart/form-data through XMLHttpRequest may not be possible, except for in modern browsers that support XHR2. For more information on this, check out this helpful answer.

If you're looking to achieve similar functionality, consider using a traditional form within an iframe. This method allows for seamless uploads without refreshing the entire page.

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