The use of XMLHttpRequest can sometimes result in the responseText being returned as undefined when passed to another function

SOLVED. I made changes to my code as shown below:

function init() {
    //preloadImages();
    getContent('events', 'events');
    getContent('content', 'main');
}

function loadingScreen(start) {
    var loadingSpan = document.getElementById('loading');
    if (start == true) {
            loadingSpan.innerHTML = '<p>Loading...<br><img src="images/loading.gif"></p>';
    }
    else {
            loadingSpan.innerHTML = '';
    }
}

function getContent(what, where) {
    if (what == 'content') {
            loadingScreen(true);
            var ranLoad = true;
    }
    var toSet = document.getElementById(what);
    var location = "content/" + where + ".txt";
    var request = new XMLHttpRequest;
    request.open("GET", location, true);
    request.onreadystatechange = function(){
            if (request.readyState == 4 && request.status == 200){
                    toSet.innerHTML = request.responseText;
                    if (ranLoad==true){
                            loadingScreen(false);
                    }
            }
    }
    request.send(null);
}
window.onload = init;

Abbreviated or in-depth - refer to the code and outcomes presented below.

So. I am constructing a compact webpage for a acquaintance, and chose to experiment with a method where content would be retrieved via XMLHttpRequest instead of being directly written on the page, then placed into the designated area using JavaScript every time users clicked on a different link. However, I encountered an obstacle. When designing the functions to obtain the content (setEvents and setContent), which involved creating a variable and calling getMarkup function to set the variable, executing the return statement resulted in undefined output. A similar thread approached this issue by recommending adding the innerHTML statement DIRECTLY within the getMarkup function, a solution I preferred not to adopt. Below depicts both the code snippet and its corresponding results:

Edit: Esailija proposed sharing only the code snippet. Though utilizing the image might have been simpler, here is the alternative:

function init() {
    //preloadImages();
    setEvents();
    setContent('main');
}

function setEvents() {
    var eventDiv = document.getElementById("events");
    var eventContent = getMarkup("content/events.txt");
    eventDiv.innerHTML = eventContent;
}

function setContent(which) {
    loadingScreen('start');
    var contentDiv = document.getElementById('content');
    location_ = "content/" + which + 'txt';
    //var contentContent = getMarkup('location');
    //contentDiv.innerHTML = contentContent;
    loadingScreen('stop');
}

function loadingScreen(action) {
    var loadingSpan = document.getElementById('loading');
    loadingSpan.innerHTML = "Test";
    if (action == 'start') {
        loadingSpan.innerHTML = '<p>Loading...<br><img src="images/loading.gif"></p>';
    }
    if (action == 'stop') {
        loadingSpan.innerHTML = '';
    }
}

function getMarkup(where) {
    var filerequest = new XMLHttpRequest();
    filerequest.open("GET", where, true);
    filerequest.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (filerequest.readyState == 4 && filerequest.status == 200) {
            var test = document.getElementById("events");
            var reply = filerequest.responseText;
            //Doesn't work
            return reply;
            //Works just fine
            //test.innerHTML = reply;
        }
    };
    filerequest.send(null);
}
window.onload = init;

Switching from innerHTML to return displays "Test TEST", while returning instead of using innerHTML shows "undefined". My aim is to avoid employing innerHTML altogether, so is there a workaround to make the return statement functional?

Answer №1

Have you worked with asynchronous callbacks before? Try setting a breakpoint in Firebug at the line return reply; and observe the call stack. The function containing return reply; is not actually getMarkup.

You may need to adjust your code structure slightly. One suggestion is to have getMarkup accept an extra parameter - the specific DOM element where you want to update its innerHTML.

Answer №2

It appears that your understanding of how ajax operates may be a bit off.
When you invoke your getMarkup function, you are initiating an ajax request and instructing the browser to utilize the function specified after onreadystatechange to manage the response. Therefore, it is actually the browser, not your other functions like setContent, that calls the handler once the response is received. This is why the return statement does not function as expected.

Furthermore, when you execute something such as

var contentContent = getMarkup('location');
, since getMarkup does not have an explicit return value, by default, contentContent will be assigned undefined. While one might assume that it should receive the return value within the anonymous function, this is not the case. The getMarkup function returns immediately, but the handler is only triggered upon receiving the ajax response.

If you wish to enhance this process, you will need to implement additional steps such as having a single ajax handler similar to what you already have. When a function triggers the ajax function, it registers its callback in a queue, and once the response arrives, the queue is processed, updating the values accordingly. Developing this mechanism will require time and effort, or alternatively, you could explore utilizing the functionality of the jQuery Ajax Queue.

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