The Selenium JavaScript executor is giving a null response even though the JavaScript code runs successfully in the Chrome console

I am attempting to input some text into a text box within an iframe using Selenium and ChromeDriver (Java) and encountering the following error in my stack trace:

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Cannot read property 'contentWindow' of null

Even after confirming that the entire DOM is loaded with a breakpoint, the error persists. It works fine when testing the JS code in Chrome's console at the same breakpoint but fails when proceeding through the test. This suggests a discrepancy between how the JS is executed by Selenium versus Chrome's console.

This particular section of the DOM is relevant:

<div class="container">
 <iframe class="rich-text-area" id="EmailMessage">
  #document
   <html>
    <head>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/css/rich-text-editor.css">
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/rest/email/css">
     </head>
     <body contenteditable="true"></body>
   </html>
 </iframe>
 <textarea class="code" aria-hidden="true" id="emailSource" style="display: none;">            </textarea>
</div>

Executing the following JS code in Chrome's console:

document.getElementById('EmailMessage').contentWindow.document.body.appendChild(document.createTextNode('testText'));

Correctly updates the inner HTML between the body tags as expected:

<body contenteditable="true">testText</body>

However, running the equivalent code in Java causes it to fail, resulting in the mentioned error. Below is the relevant part of my Java code:

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
driver.switchTo().frame(emailBodyID);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(emailBodyTag));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(emailBodyTag));
js.executeScript("document.getElementById('EmailMessage').contentWindow.document.body.appendChild(document.createTextNode('testText'));");
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

Any insights on what might be causing this? I have tested variations like contentDocument.body without success. As an alternative to sendKeys(), due to compatibility issues with older versions of ChromeDriver, I attempted this approach even with the latest version locally, where it still failed consistently indicating a broader issue rather than environment-specific.

Thanks, Darwin.

Answer №1

After delving deeper into the problem, it seems I have finally cracked the code. The issue stemmed from how the driver.switchTo() commands were being interpreted by the Chrome console. While Selenium was viewing the DOM starting from 'EmailMessage', the console was analyzing the code at the default page level. This confusion arose from previous usage of SendKeys().

By rearranging the lines as shown below, I was able to successfully verify elements within the iframe using explicit waits and then execute JS on the page level. Alternatively, one could adjust the JS string to initiate at the document.body... level. Here's my solution:

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
driver.switchTo().frame(emailBodyID);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(emailBodyTag));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(emailBodyTag));
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
js.executeScript("document.getElementById('EmailMessage').contentWindow.document.body.appendChild(document.createTextNode('testText'));");

In hindsight, the resolution appears quite straightforward and somewhat obvious (isn't everything in retrospect?), but for those looking to replace SendKeys() with JS in an iframe (or any other action involving JS and scope changes with iframes in Selenium), this could prove to be a tricky hurdle.

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