The HTML canvas may sometimes produce inaccuracies in the bytes returned by the getImageData function, a phenomenon known as "

I've come across an issue where the getImageData function of an HTML canvas is returning incorrect byte values.

To illustrate, I created a 1x1 pixel image using the following Python code:

from PIL import Image
import numpy as np

a = np.array([[[12, 187, 146, 62]]], dtype=np.uint8)
Image.fromarray(a).save('image.png')

After converting the image to base64 to embed it in the code snippet below:

let image = document.createElement('img');
image.addEventListener('load', () => {
  let canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
  let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
  canvas.width = image.width;
  canvas.height = image.height;
  ctx.drawImage(image, 0, 0);
  let data = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height).data;
  document.body.innerHTML = data;
});

image.src = "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR4nGPg2T3JDgADyAGYmiSbAQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==";

Interestingly, running this code snippet in Firefox results in 12,189,148,62, while in Chromium it displays 12,185,144,62. However, the original values should be 12,187,146,62.

I'm puzzled by this discrepancy. Can anyone shed some light on this?

Answer №1

Firefox pre-multiplication rounding issue

It has been verified that FF (Firefox) indeed reports the pixel value as [12,189,148,62]

During canvas rendering, pixels are processed based on the globalCompositeOperation value which defaults to "source-over". FF appears to be rounding inaccurately when dealing with pre-multiplied alpha values.

Keep in mind that disabling alpha with

canvas.getContext("2d", {alpha: false})
for CanvasRenderingContext2D will result in FF pixels being [3,46,36,255] and Chrome pixels being [3,45,35,255].

Chrome displays the correct values, as exemplified in the code snippet below.

// accurate pre-multiplied alpha
console.log([12,187,146].map(c => Math.round(c * 62 / 255)) + "");

FF seems to be rounding up for unknown reasons, potentially indicating a flaw

This rounding discrepancy in FF impacts the outcome of "source-over" compositing when alpha: true, leading to higher-than-expected values.

For further details on compositing, refer to W3C Compositing and Blending

Solution?

Regrettably, there is no proposed solution at this time, aside from recognizing that Chrome accurately renders the image, whereas FF does not.

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