The art of defining, arranging, and organizing AngularJS functions, their placement

Just diving into AngularJS and I've discovered two different ways to declare functions:

The first way:

var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);

myApp.controller('mainCtrl', function($scope){
    $scope.message = 'Yes';
})

myApp.controller('anotherCtrl', function($scope){
    $scope.message = 'No';
})

In the second method:

var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);

myApp
   .controller('mainCtrl', mainCtrl)
   .controller('anotherCtrl', anotherCtrl)

function mainCtrl($scope){
    $scope.message = 'Yes';
}

function anotherCtrl($scope){
    $scope.message = 'No';
}

I found that with the first approach, I could organize functions in separate files like controllers.js for Controllers, directives.js for directives, etc...

However, when attempting the second method, errors occurred if functions were declared in different files. This makes sense since they are called in one file but defined separately. Despite this, the second method appealed to me for its readability, with less nesting involved.

So, what exactly sets these two methods apart?

Answer №1

What sets them apart?

The Initial Example

In the first scenario, you are defining functions using function expressions within your calls to myApp.controller.

It is worth noting that in this instance, the functions do not have names (they are anonymous). However, it is possible to name them if desired (unless compatibility with IE8 or earlier versions is necessary):

myApp.controller('mainCtrl', function mainCtrl($scope){
// Giving it a name -------------------^
    $scope.message = 'Yes';
});

(For more information on why this approach may pose challenges in IE8 and earlier, refer to this article on my blog.)

Given that these functions are only accessible through what .controller connects, they cannot be utilized elsewhere unless references are acquired from myApp, or by declaring a variable and assigning it during the expression:

var mainCtrl;

// ...

myApp.controller('mainCtrl', mainCtrl = function mainCtrl($scope){
    $scope.message = 'Yes';
});

// ...the `mainCtrl` variable could then be used for reusing the function

The Subsequent Example

In the second case, the functions are created via function declarations, and subsequently referenced in the calls to myApp.controller. Unlike the previous example, these functions possess names (they are not anonymous), thus allowing for reuse without additional steps.

In this alternative example, it is feasible to declare the functions in separate files. However, in order to incorporate them into your call to myApp.controller, obtaining a reference is crucial. Various methods can be employed for this purpose, ranging from RequireJS and SystemJS to ES2015 modules, Angular modules, or other AMD mechanisms.

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