Testing AngularJS components using mocking the document object

My current task involves testing an angular service that performs DOM manipulations using the $document service with jasmine. For example, it may append a directive to the <body> element.

The service in question might look like this:

(function(module) {
    module.service('myService', [
        '$document',
        function($document) {
            this.doTheJob = function() {
                $document.find('body').append('<my-directive></my directive>');
            };
        }
    ]);
})(angular.module('my-app'));

And I am attempting to test it as follows:

describe('Sample test' function() {
    var myService;

    var mockDoc;

    beforeEach(function() {
        module('my-app');

        // Now how do I initialize this mock? The code below is just a placeholder.
        mockDoc = angular.element('<html><head></head><body></body></html>');

        module(function($provide) {
            $provide.value('$document', mockDoc);
        });
    });

    beforeEach(inject(function(_myService_) {
        myService = _myService_;
    }));

    it('should append my-directive to body element', function() {
        myService.doTheJob();
        // Check if the target directive is appended to the mock's body
        expect(mockDoc.find('body').html()).toContain('<my-directive></my-directive>');
    });
});

So, what would be the best approach for creating such a mock?

Testing with the actual document seems troublesome due to cleanup issues after each test and doesn't seem feasible.

I've attempted to create a new real document instance before each test, but encountered various failures.

Creating an object like the one below and using a variable like 'whatever' does work but feels inelegant:

var whatever = [];
var fakeDoc = {
    find: function(tag) {
              if (tag == 'body') {
                  return function() {
                      var self = this;
                      this.append = function(content) {
                          whatever.add(content);
                          return self;
                      };
                  };
              } 
          }
}

I sense there's something crucial that I'm missing or possibly doing incorrectly. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

Answer №1

There is no need to ridicule the $document service in this scenario. It is simpler to just utilize its actual implementation:

describe('Sample test', function() {
    var myService;
    var $document;

    beforeEach(function() {
        module('plunker');
    });

    beforeEach(inject(function(_myService_, _$document_) {
        myService = _myService_;
        $document = _$document_;
    }));

    it('should append my-directive to body element', function() {
        myService.doTheJob();
        expect($document.find('body').html()).toContain('<my-directive></my-directive>');
    });
});

View the Plunker example here.

If you find it absolutely necessary to mock the service, then you may proceed as you did before:

$documentMock = { ... }

However, please be aware that this approach can potentially disrupt other functionalities that rely on the $document service itself (such as a directive utilizing createElement).

UPDATE

If you wish to reset the document to a consistent state after each test, consider the following method:

afterEach(function() {
    $document.find('body').html(''); // or $document.find('body').empty()
                                     // if jQuery is available
});

Check out the updated Plunker demo here (I used a different container due to rendering issues with Jasmine results).

As mentioned by @AlexanderNyrkov in the comments, both Jasmine and Karma have their own elements within the body tag, and clearing them out by emptying the document body might not be advisable.

UPDATE 2

I've come up with a way to partially mock the $document service so you can work with the actual page document and ensure everything is restored correctly:

beforeEach(function() {
    module('plunker');

    $document = angular.element(document); // Mimicking Angular's behavior
    $document.find('body').append('<content></content>');

    var originalFind = $document.find;
    $document.find = function(selector) {
      if (selector === 'body') {
        return originalFind.call($document, 'body').find('content');
      } else {
        return originalFind.call($document, selector);
      }
    }

    module(function($provide) {
      $provide.value('$document', $document);
    });        
});

afterEach(function() {
    $document.find('body').html('');
});

Take a look at the modified Plunker example here.

The concept here is to substitute the existing body tag with a new one that your Subject Under Test (SUT) can manipulate freely, allowing your test to safely clear it at the conclusion of each specification.

Answer №2

If you need to generate a blank test document, you can utilize the

DOMImplementation#createHTMLDocument()
method:

describe('myService', function() {
  var $body;

  beforeEach(function() {
    var doc;

    // This code snippet creates an empty test document based on the current one.
    doc = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument();

    // Remember the body of the test document for checking changes during testing.
    $body = $(doc.body);

    // Inject our app module and a custom anonymous module.
    module('myApp', function($provide) {
      // Define the custom service $document in place of the default one.
      $provide.value('$document', $(doc));
    });

    // Additional setup...
  });

  // More tests...
});

By generating a fresh empty document for each test, you prevent interference with the main page and eliminate the need to manually clean up after your service between test cases.

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