Seeking clarity on cloning objects in JavaScript

I'm working on a Point object

function Point(x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
};

The current implementation allows the Point object to be mutable. For example:

 var p = new Point(2, 3);
 p.x = 6;

However, I want to add a clone method to create a new instance with the same properties:

 var p1 = new Point(2, 3);
 var p2 = p1.clone();
 p1.x = 6;

 assert p1 != p2;     // Checking if p1 and p2 are different objects
 assert p2.x == 2;    // Verifying that the x property of p2 remains unchanged

To implement the clone() method, I modified the Point constructor as follows:

function Point(x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
    this.clone = function () {
        function TrickyConstructor() {
        }
        TrickyConstructor.prototype = this;
        return new TrickyConstructor();
    };
};

Despite these changes, the second assertion is failing in my implementation. How should I proceed to reimplement it?

Answer №1

For a scenario where only the properties are x and y, my approach would be like this:

function Point(x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
};

Point.prototype.copy = function() {
    return new Point(this.x, this.y);
}

It's crucial to add the copy method to the Point.prototype. This sets the foundation for the following method to function correctly:

If not, you'd have to create a new instance and potentially duplicate all properties manually:

Point.prototype.copy = function() {
    var copy = new Point(this.x, this.y);
    for(var prop in this) {
        if(this.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
            copy[prop] = this[prop];
        }
    }
    return copy;
}

However, keep in mind that this procedure does not deep copy properties; it's effective only for primitive values.

Should there arise a need to perform a deep copy of properties, the process will become significantly more intricate. Fortunately, solutions for this exist and have been discussed previously: How to Deep clone in javascript


An explanation of why your existing clone method might fall short:

The prototype chain associated with p2 can be depicted as follows:

 +-----------+      +-----------+
 |Instance p2|      |Instance p1|
 |           |--->  |x=2        |
 |           |      |y=3        |
 +-----------+      +-----------+

Hence, altering p1.x = 6 results in:

 +-----------+      +-----------+
 |Instance p2|      |Instance p1|
 |           |--->  |x=6        |
 |           |      |y=3        |
 +-----------+      +-----------+

Unless p2 has its own x or y properties, they will continuously reference those belonging to the prototype, which is ultimately p1.

Answer №2

function Position(x, y) {
    this.xCoord = x;
    this.yCoord = y;
    this.copy = function () {
        var newPosition = {};
        for (var prop in this) {
            newPosition[prop] = this[prop];
        }
        return newPosition;
    };
};

For more details and examples, visit: http://jsfiddle.net/HPtmk/

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