Search for a potential set of values within an array that can be added together to equal a specific sum

Dear Moderator:

The original question that is being flagged as a duplicate fails to elaborate on several key issues.

  1. Unlike the other question, this query delves into not just how the operators technically work, but rather their specific function within the algorithm: why these operators are utilized at that particular point in the code.
  2. This unique question also includes an inquiry about the bit-wise comparison '&' operator, which was completely overlooked in the previous discussion.
  3. The core concept highlighted in the provided solution involves creating a bitmask by setting
    combinationsCount = 1 << listSize
    . This effectively transforms the iterator 'i' in the loop into a binary vector, enabling a targeted evaluation against a specified 'j' value for inclusion in the testing sum.

This algorithm appears to offer a solution to a variation of the coin change problem. While the code seems functional based on my assessment, I am struggling to comprehend the significance of the final if statement check:

if (i & (1 << j)) {
    combinationSum += arr[j];
}

I encountered this while following a tutorial and would greatly appreciate a breakdown of its role in the overall logic of the code.

UPDATE:

To clarify, I have a good grasp of HOW the operators are performing, such as the bit shifting and bitwise addition. What I seek to understand is their specific functionality within the operational flow of the algorithm.

possibleCombinationSumN(arr, n) {
  if (arr.indexOf(n) >= 0) {
    return true;
  }

  if (arr[0] > n) {
    return false;
  }

  if (arr[arr.length - 1] > n) {
    arr.pop();
    return possibleCombinationSumN(arr, n);
  }

  var listSize = arr.length, combinationsCount = (1 << listSize)
  for (var i = 1; i < combinationsCount; i++) {
    var combinationSum = 0;
    for (var j = 0; j < listSize; j++) {
      if (i & (1 << j)) {
        combinationSum += arr[j];
      }
    }
    if (n === combinationSum) {
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
};

Answer №1

i acts like a switchboard, with its binary representation determining which elements of the array are included in the sum.

For instance, if there are 4 elements in array arr, and i is 11 (binary 0b1011), we would add up arr[3] + arr[1] + arr[0] while excluding arr[2].

With a four-element array, i ranges from 0 to 15. This range covers all combinations of four bits, allowing us to test every possible sum combination.

The expression i & (1 << j) checks if the j-th bit is set to 1.

For example, if j is 3 and i is 11 (0b1011), then 1 << j is 0b1000; performing 0b1011 & 0b1000 gives us 0b1000, indicating that position 3 should be included in the sum.

If j is 2, 1 << j becomes 0b10; therefore, 0b1011 & 0b100 results in 0b0, meaning position 2 is not part of the final sum.

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