Querying escape characters from JSON to JavaScript

When trying to stringify quotes (' and "), it is necessary to escape them. However, the following results in Firebug can be puzzling:

1. >> JSON.stringify({foo: "a"a'a'});
SyntaxError: missing } after property list

Interpretation: The error occurred because I did not escape " and '

2 >>> JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a'a"});
 "{"foo":"a\"a'a"}"

Interpretation/Question: Will the JSON string also display the escape character before " and how come it functions without escaping the single quote?

Interestingly, when attempting to parse the generated output string back into a JS object, JSON throws an error:

>>> JSON.parse("{"foo":"a\"a'a"}")
SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list

To elaborate on the results further: When a single quote is escaped once, it does not appear in the output string. However, if escaped twice, it does:

>>> JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a\'a"});
"{"foo":"a\"a'a"}"

>>> JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a\\'a"});
"{"foo":"a\"a\\'a"}"

The question arises as to when and how single and double quotes should be escaped during JSON conversion. Your assistance is appreciated.

UPDATE: Thank you for the responses. The first two questions have been clarified. It appears that only the quotes enclosing the string (in this case ") need to be escaped, along with any escape characters within the string itself. Are there any other characters that require escaping?

The final query remains unanswered. If the number of escape characters before ' is increased, why does the output show an even number of escape characters? For example,

 >>> JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a\'a"});
"{"foo":"a\"a'a"}"
>>> JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a\\'a"});
"{"foo":"a\"a\\'a"}"
>>> JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a\\\'a"});
"{"foo":"a\"a\\'a"}"

Answer №1

When your JavaScript interpreter outputs the following format, it can be a bit misleading:

2 >>> JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a'a"});
 "{"foo":"a\"a'a"}"

The issue lies in the fact that the interpreter is adding double quotes on the outside without properly escaping the necessary characters to make it a valid string literal. In reality, the result of the expression is a string containing {"foo":"a\"a'a"}. To represent this as a JavaScript string literal, you would write it as either:

  • Using double quotes: "{\"foo\":\"a\\\"a'a\"}"
  • With single quotes: '{"foo":"a\\"a\'a"}'

Both of these strings are equivalent, just represented differently based on the choice of external quote marks. You should be able to pass either of these strings to JSON.parse and retrieve an object identical to the original.

This explanation also clarifies why the single quote isn't escaped - you only need to escape the type of quote used for the string literal (escape internal double quotes when surrounded by double quotes, and escape internal single quotes when enclosed by single quotes).

Answer №2

The issue arises when the string is prematurely terminated, causing errors to be thrown. Any characters that come after are then unable to be properly parsed.

Starting with a quotation mark (") means that using an apostrophe (') does not signify the end of the string; instead, it is considered part of the string as it should end with another quotation mark.

If you need to include the same character that defines the string, it must be escaped. For example, " and he said \"what a great day!\" to the other boy"

Answer №3

No need to escape single quotes inside of double quotes, or double quotes inside of single quotes.

Escaping like quotes within like quotes is necessary -- below are examples of valid syntax:

var a = "Testing '1234'";
var b = 'Testing "1234"';
var c = "Testing \"1234\"";
var d = 'Testing \'1234\'';

In regards to JSON stringification, the double quotes displayed in the output here:

JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a'a"});
  "{"foo":"a\"a'a"}"

are merely for display purposes in the console or repl being used. Technically, they should be displayed as single quotes.

Nevertheless...

var s = JSON.stringify({foo: "a\"a'a"});
JSON.parse(s);

...will always result in a valid object output.

Answer №4

It is important to remember that special characters, such as quotation marks, must be properly escaped in order for them to display correctly in your final string. Failing to do so can result in errors when trying to parse the string due to mismatched quotes.

This issue with mismatched quotes also explains why you may encounter errors while parsing the string; the parser cannot handle the discrepancies in quotations.

In regards to the problem you mentioned about escaping quotes twice, it's actually an instance of escaping the escape character itself rather than repeating the process with the quote.

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