Managing authentication tokens and handling browser refreshes in single page applications

While developing an Angular application, I have a single page app that interacts with a JSON web service to retrieve data.

In my Angular app, a "login" simply involves exchanging a username/password for a token. This token is then sent as a header in all subsequent requests to the server for authorization. However, this system encounters issues when a user refreshes their browser window or navigates away from the "page."

Requiring users to re-enter their credentials every time they refresh the page is not ideal for user experience.

I am considering 4 potential solutions:

  1. Storing the token in a secure session cookie. (This is currently what I am doing, but it is only accessible on the client side and not utilized by the server.)
  2. Storing the token using local storage. (This could pose security risks and require manual expiration management.)
  3. Preventing users from refreshing the browser window using "onbeforeunload" code. (This may lead to unwanted messages asking the user if they really want to leave the page.)
  4. Including the token as part of the URL. (This might clutter URLs, create potential security vulnerabilities, and complicate bookmarking and token expiry processes.)

Is option 1 the optimal choice for resolving this issue? Are there better alternatives than those listed above?

Answer №1

Option 1 seems to be the most suitable choice for your particular situation. The majority of popular web frameworks offer support for this option.

If you decide to manually manage this process, it is important to follow these steps:

  • The initial authentication request will be handled by the web service, which will create and assign a secure authentication cookie. This cookie should have a time-based expiration (valid only for a specific period) and ideally contain a unique value;
  • Subsequent requests will automatically include the authentication cookie in the request header - this automatic handling is done by the browser;
  • The web service must verify the cookie value for authentication on subsequent requests and return an error if the cookie has expired;
  • An overall client-side authentication handler should capture any authentication errors and present a user-friendly message to the user.

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