JavaScript - Retrieve all properties and methods of an object

Can an object created through a constructor function have its keys listed using the Object.keys() method? Let's consider an example with the following code:

function Foo () {}
Foo.prototype.bar = 'bar';
Foo.prototype.baz = 'baz';

var foo = new Foo();
console.log(Object.keys(foo).join(', ')); // The result is ''
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(foo).join(', ')); // The result is ''

Answer №1

When using Object.keys, only the own enumerable properties are retrieved. However, when using getOwnPropertyNames, only the own properties (even if not enumerable) are retrieved. In both cases, properties inherited from the prototype or any higher prototypes are not included.</p>

<p>If your focus is solely on enumerable properties, check out trincot's answer <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/40575562/157247">here</a>.</p>

<p>To retrieve all properties, including ones that are not enumerable, you will need to iterate through the prototype chain:</p>

<p><div>
<div>
<pre class="lang-js"><code>function getAllPropertyNames(obj) {
  var result = [];
  while (obj && obj !== Object.prototype) {
    result.push.apply(result, Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj));
    obj = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj);
  }
  return result;
}

function Foo () {}
Foo.prototype.bar = 'bar';
Foo.prototype.baz = 'baz';

var foo = new Foo();
console.log(getAllPropertyNames(foo));

Answer №2

If you want to iterate through an object's properties, you can utilize a `for` loop:

function Example () {}

Example.prototype.property1 = 'value1';
Example.prototype.property2 = 'value2';

var exampleObject = new Example();

for (var property in exampleObject)
  console.log(property, exampleObject[property]);

It's important to note that there are some restrictions when using this method. Certain properties can be set as non-enumerable and will not be included in the iteration. One example of this is with the `length` property of arrays:

var myArray = [1, 2];

for (var index in myArray)
  console.log(index, myArray[index]);

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