javascript function How can one access the current object in a module without using the 'this' keyword?

I have observed that the reference of this inside a function, added as an event listener, points to something else. Despite reading through an informative resource and checking stackoverflow, I am still unsure how to resolve this issue (as I am relatively new to the concepts of "oop" and the module pattern in javascript).

Below is the code snippet of my module:

var myModule = myModule || ( function() {
  // Function for adding event listeners compatible with all browsers
  function addEvent( element, event, listener ) {
    if ( element.addEventListener ) {
      return element.addEventListener( event, listener, false );
    } else if ( element.attachElement ) {
      return element.attachElement( "on" + event, listener );
    }
  }

  return {
    init: function() {
      addEvent(
        document.getElementById( "myElementId" ),
        "click",
        this.processMyElement
      );
      addEvent(
        document.getElementById( "myOtherElementId" ),
        "click",
        this.processMyOtherElement
      );
    },
    hideElementById: function( elementId ) {
      document.getElementById( elementId ).style.display = "none";
    },
    showElementById: function( elementId ) {
      document.getElementById( elementId ).style.display = "block";
    },
    processMyElement: function() {
      this.hideElementById( "myElementId" );
      this.showElementById( "myOtherElementId" );
    },
    processMyOtherElement: function() {
      // Other functionality here...
    }
  };
}() );

The problem lies in this not referring to the current object when calling hideElementById within processMyElement, but instead referencing the element with the eventListener.

I have tried several methods without success:

  • removing the return statement in addEvent,
  • creating a private property 'that' inside the module before the definition of addEvent and using it in processMyElement,
  • using apply method in the init function, which unfortunately calls processMyElement immediately when adding the listener to the element.

Seeking guidance on how to tackle this challenge. I have attempted various approaches but none seem to provide a clear solution...

Note: I aim to create testable code, hence the inclusion of hideElementById and showElementById methods to separate functionalities (even though it might be slightly cumbersome at this stage...).

Answer №1

There are several effective methods for achieving the correct binding of this. One common approach is to utilize a closure:

  var self = this;
  addEvent(
    document.getElementById( "myElementId" ),
    "click",
    function () {
      self.handleMyElement();
    }
  );

Alternatively, you can employ the bind method:

  addEvent(
    document.getElementById( "myElementId" ),
    "click",
    this.handleMyElement.bind(this)
  );

https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_objects/Function/bind

The bind() method creates a new function that sets its this keyword to the specified value when called, along with any predetermined arguments passed in advance.

The choice between these methods will rely on various contextual factors.

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