Is there a way to change the key name of the _id field in mongoDB?

Is there a way to automatically change the default _id field generated by MongoDB to "ObjectID"? For example, transforming _id: xxxxx into ObjectID: xxxxx. Below is the schema for my objects:

{
  skills: [ 'Programming', 'Design' ],
  paymentForms: [ 'Flat fee' ],
  _id: 6011a89084e07663d25e01af,
  title: 'Personal website development',
  description: 'I would like to have a personal website that showcases my resume and work portfolio.',
  otherSkills: '',
  price: '25-50',
  __v: 0
}

I am currently retrieving documents from my database using a mongoose query, which returns an array of documents. I have attempted two methods to rename the _id key after fetching these documents, but neither has been successful. Here is the code snippet:

function renameKey(obj, oldKey, newKey) {
    if (oldKey !== newKey) {
        console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, oldKey))
        Object.defineProperty(obj, newKey,
            Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, oldKey));
        delete obj[oldKey];
    }
}

The issue with this approach is that 'getOwnPropertyDescriptor' returns undefined. The second method I tried is:

const renameKey = (obj, oldKey, newKey) => {
    const targetKey = obj[oldKey];
    console.log(targetKey);
    obj[newKey] = targetKey;
    console.log(obj);

    delete obj[oldKey];
    return obj;
}

Although this seems like the standard way to rename keys, it does not mutate my objects and instead returns the same one. Both methods successfully work for literal objects I create like { _id: 10 }, but they fail when applied to objects retrieved from my mongoose query.

If anyone can provide insight on what might be wrong with these approaches or suggest an alternative solution, such as using mongoose projection to rename queries (if feasible), I would greatly appreciate it.

Answer №1

MongoDB mandates the presence of the _id field, making it impossible to store documents without it.

Although the value of _id is unchangeable, one workaround is to duplicate the value into a new field using an update pipeline. This approach may lead to synchronization issues, but you can then query and exclude the _id field from projection.

By transitioning your queries to utilize the aggregation system, you have the option to introduce a new field while simultaneously eliminating the existing _id field in the pipeline:

{$addFields: {ObjectId: "$_id"}},
{$project: {_id: 0}}

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