Is the output of MongoDB's ISODate() function always distinct from that of the Date()

After reviewing the documentation, my understanding was that ISODate simply wrapped the Date constructor. However, I've encountered issues when working with dates very far in the past. For example:

new Date(-8640000000000000);                          // Mon Apr 19 -271821 18:00:00 GMT-0600 (Mountain Daylight Time)
new Date(-8640000000000000).toISOString();            // -271821-04-20T00:00:00.000Z
ISODate(new Date(-8640000000000000).toISOString());   // Wed Sep 03 2719 18:00:00 GMT-0600 (Mountain Daylight Time)

It's puzzling why the first date and the last date do not match. There seems to be some kind of overflow occurring. Also, what are the limits of dates that MongoDB can handle?

Edit: Interestingly, the following works as expected:

new Date( new Date(-8640000000000000).toISOString()); // Mon Apr 19 -271821 18:00:00 GMT-0600 (Mountain Daylight Time)
javascriptmongodbdatedatetimemongodb-query

Answer №1

Information regarding the range aspect can be found in the documentation.

Internally, Date objects are represented as a 64-bit integer indicating the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (Jan 1, 1970). This allows for a range of dates approximately 290 million years into the past and future.

Let's dissect the given details by running everything on the mongo shell.

new Date(-8640000000000000); //ISODate("-271821-04-20T00:00:00Z")

new Date(-8640000000000000).toISOString(); // -271821-04-20T00:00:00.000Z

ISODate(new Date(-8640000000000000).toISOString()); //ISODate("2719-09-04T00:00:00Z")

Analyzing the output from the last date provided, after converting new Date(-8640000000000000).toISOString(), the result -271821-04-20T00:00:00.000Z goes through the ISODate function.

This outcome is then subjected to the regular expression within the ISO Date function, designed for typical date formats.

/(\d{4})-?(\d{2})-?(\d{2})(T (:?(\d{2})(:?(\d{2}(.\d+)?))?)?(Z|([+-])(\d{2}):?(\d{2})?)?)?/

Running the regex against the date yields three groups.

Full match  0-9 `271821-04`

Group 1.    0-4 `2718`
Group 2.    4-6 `21`
Group 3.    7-9 `04`

Thus, ISODate feeds these values to the javascript Date.UTC constructor, resulting in a year of 2718, month of 21 (interpreted as 1 year and 9 months), and day of the month as 4. Consequently, the year is adjusted to 2719, the month to 9, and the day remains as 4.

Conclusively, the final date output is 2719-09-04.

Answer №2

Exploring Date Manipulation in MongoDB Shell with Meteor

meteor:PRIMARY> new Date(1479424285700)
ISODate("2016-11-17T23:11:25.700Z")
meteor:PRIMARY> ISODate(new Date(1479424285700).toISOString());
ISODate("2016-11-17T23:11:25.700Z")

Both queries return the same date, showcasing the consistency of date handling in MongoDB Shell.

Questioning the Purpose of Passing "-8640000000000000" to the Date Constructor

The JavaScript Date object represents a precise moment in time, measured in milliseconds since January 1, 1970, UTC.

Cautionary Note: Negative values passed to the constructor could yield unexpected outcomes due to potential non-specification considerations.

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