Is it not possible to call a function directly from the controller in AngularJS?

I have been trying to update a clock time displayed in an h1 element. My approach was to update the time by calling a function using setInterval, but I faced difficulties in making the call. Eventually, I discovered that using the apply method provided a solution.

However, I am curious about the reasoning behind this issue. Can someone explain why I couldn't make the call and why it was necessary to use the apply method?

Here is my code snippet:

angular.module('Book', [])
.controller('MyController', function ($scope) {
    var updateClock = function() {
        $scope.clock = new Date();
    };
    setInterval(function() {
        updateClock(); //not working when called from here...?
        //$scope.$apply(updateClock); //it works!
    }, 1000);
    updateClock(); //works the first time.
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.23/angular.min.js"></script>
<div ng-app="Book">
   <div ng-controller='MyController'>
        <input ng-model="name" type="text" placeholder="Your name">
        <h1>Hello {{ clock }}</h1>
    </div>
</div>

Answer №1

To put it simply

Angular initiates a $digest cycle when certain events occur (such as calling a $scope function, receiving data from $http, using $timeout or $interval, etc). This $digest cycle is crucial for enabling two-way data binding and performing dirty checking. However, if you use events other than these predefined ones, such as setTimeout in JavaScript, Angular won't automatically detect the changes. In such cases, we need to explicitly notify Angular by using $apply.

To delve deeper into this topic, visit

Answer №2

When working inside your controller, it's recommended to utilize $interval over setInterval. By using $interval, the $digest cycle will be automatically triggered without the need for manually calling $scope.$apply. Ensure that you inject $interval as a dependency in your controller.

The usage of $scope.$apply is necessary only when operating outside of the angular context, such as incorporating jQuery functionality into your code. However, within your controller, there is no requirement for this manual intervention.

angular.module('Book', [])
.controller('MyController', function ($scope, $interval) {
    var updateClock = function () {
        $scope.clock = new Date();
    };
    $interval(function () {
        updateClock(); //why isn't this working when called from here?
        //$scope.$apply(updateClock); //this makes it work!
    }, 1000);
    updateClock(); //it functions correctly on initial load.
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.23/angular.min.js"></script>
<div ng-app="Book">
   <div ng-controller='MyController'>
        <input ng-model="name" type="text" placeholder="Your name">
        <h1>Hello {{ clock }}</h1>
    </div>
</div>

Answer №3

Essentially, when you need to apply a change to the scope in the view, you can utilize $scope.apply(). This function is effective in making sure the changes are reflected properly.

If you want to update the scope without using $scope.apply(), an alternative approach is to employ Angular's $interval service instead of the setInterval() function. The $interval service automatically triggers the $apply() function within it, resulting in the desired change in the view without requiring manual invocation of the $apply function.

Answer №4

Check out this Plunker I made for you

Instead of using setInterval in JavaScript, consider using the $interval angular service.

 $interval(function() {
        updateClock(); //Why isn't this working when called from here...?
        //$scope.$apply(updateClock); //Ah, now it works!
    }, 1000);

The reason why you need to use $scope.apply() with setInterval is because you are operating outside of Angular's scope and manually triggering the digest cycle to ensure it executes within Angular's scope.

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