Is it best practice to utilize factories for generating constructor functions in AngularJS design patterns?

As I was developing an AngularJS app, I started thinking about the use of factories in a different light. Instead of just returning plain objects, what if we used factories to create and return constructor functions like this:

app.factory("Foo", function() {
  function Foo(bar, baz) {
    this.bar = bar;
    this.baz = baz;
    ...
  }

  Foo.prototype = {
    constructor: Foo,
    method1: function() { ... },
    method2: function() { ... },
    ...,
    methodn: function() { ... },
  };

  return Foo;
});

Initially, I found this approach elegant and object-oriented. However, upon further reflection, I began to question whether it might actually be considered an anti-pattern. While it works well within the confines of AngularJS, using these constructor functions outside of AngularJS environments presents challenges. It made me wonder if I was trying too hard to fit a square peg into a round hole, as JavaScript functions inherently behave like singletons and do not necessarily require additional handling for instantiation.

So, am I missing the mark with my use of AngularJS factories? Would exposing constructor functions globally serve me better? And more broadly, what are the factors that favor the use of AngularJS factories/services/providers compared to global objects or vice versa?

Answer №1

Absolutely!

Factory Syntax: module.factory( 'factoryName', function ); Outcome: By declaring factoryName as an injectable argument, you will receive the value returned by calling the function referenced in module.factory. Application: Useful for returning a 'class' function that can be instantiated with the new keyword to create instances.

Source: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/angular/56sdORWEoqg/HuZsOsMvKv4J

The link above was also referenced in Bart's comment on: AngularJS: Service vs provider vs factory

Answer №2

Perhaps in the realm of Angular and Javascript, where constructors and object prototypes can be extensively manipulated, this approach may seem convenient and useful. However, I believe it deviates from the traditional logic of the Factory pattern.

The essence of a Factory is to construct new objects within itself, applying configurations, initializing them, and injecting dependencies based on predefined settings, if any. For instance, you could request a factory to create a storage connection, and depending on its configuration, it would generate a MySQL, SQLite, or Redis connection without your controller needing to differentiate between them as long as they adhere to a certain interface.

But if you first call a Factory and then use the new keyword externally, it's akin to telling the Factory:

"Hey, give me a prototype (constructor) and I'll handle creating the actual object myself."

In this scenario, the factory ceases to function as a conventional entity for generating new objects; instead, it acts more like a prototype provider that furnishes a single prototype for all callers to independently manufacture their own objects.

This method may suffice for simple constructors with no arguments, but when dealing with complex examples like the storage connection, employing factories in such a manner becomes impractical. In this case, the caller has to assume the role of the factory by managing the injection of configurations and dependencies into the newly created object.

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