Is it advisable to nest constructors and prototypes in JavaScript programming?

Currently, a project I'm working on requires an object type called Chain that generates another object type called Link which is exclusively used by the former. In my past projects, I had embedded the constructor and prototype of Link within the constructor for Chain. However, this time around, I started to question whether this approach was optimal, as it seemed like I was defining Link separately for each instance of Chain.

To provide some context, here is the original code I had:

var Chain = function() {
    var self = this;

    var Link = function(key) {
        this.prop = key;
    };
    Link.prototype.attach = function(args) {
        for (let value of args) {
            this[value.prop] = value.value;
        }
    };

    self.links = [];

}
Chain.prototype.add = function(key) {
    this.links.push(new Link(key));
}

I then started contemplating whether I should keep the definition of the Link constructor and prototype outside in the main scope similar to how I did with

Chain</code, or if I should utilize the <code>Chain
prototype to define Link and keep it there.

Unfortunately, I couldn't find much guidance on best practices for such scenarios. While I suspect that my initial approach might not be ideal, I am uncertain about the alternatives either.

Hence, I pose the question: What is the most efficient and sensible way to handle this situation?

Answer №1

Despite having previously nested the object constructor and prototype of Link inside the constructor for Chain in my past projects, I began to question whether this approach was truly optimal...

I am now contemplating if it would be more beneficial to store the Link constructor and prototype separately from the Chain constructor.

There is a third option: Having a single private Link within the Chain:

var Chain = (function() {
    function Link() {
        // ...
    }
    // Link.prototype content here

    function Chain() {
        // ...
    }
    // Chain.prototype content here

    return Chain;
})();

In this setup, Chain is public, Link is private, yet there exists only one instance of Link serving all instances of Chain, instead of creating a new one each time.

This concept can also be implemented using ES2015+ class syntax:

const Chain = (function() {
    class Link {
        // ...
    }

    class Chain {
        // ...
    }

    return Chain;
})();

Answer №2

It crossed my mind this time whether there is a better approach to handling this, as it seems like I may end up defining each instance of the Chain class with its own version of the Link class every single time.

Absolutely, that's precisely why you shouldn't do it that way. It would be inefficient to create numerous separate instances of the Link class for each chain created. It's best to keep classes close together and avoid nesting them within constructors of one another.

Occasionally, it might be useful to have a helper function specific to an instance (for setting up a link associated with that particular chain), which could be implemented as a factory method while still ensuring all links from various chains share a common base class.

Is it advisable to expose the Link constructor and prototype globally similar to what I've done with the Chain class?

Yes, it's perfectly acceptable in terms of scope. Unless you intend to put everything in the global scope, there isn't a problem with this approach. If you prefer encapsulation, utilizing ES6 modules to export only the essential components or employing an IIFE (as mentioned in @T.J.Crowder's response) can help maintain organization.

Another popular technique that keeps related classes together, where one is a part of the other, involves using a class as a namespace object:

var Chain = function() {
    this.links = [];
};
… // Chain.prototype

Chain.Link = function(key) {
    this.prop = key;
};
… // Chain.Link.prototype

The same concept applies to ES6 classes as well.

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