In what ways can Javascript (or a browser extension) identify the utilization of restricted functions?

In the process of developing a new scripting extension, akin to Greasemonkey or Chrome's content-script engine, with capabilities to access local files and perform potentially risky actions.

If I decide to make this extension available to the public, I aim to implement a feature that alerts inexperienced users when a script intends to utilize a "dangerous" function. This warning should be difficult to bypass to ensure safety.

One method could involve scanning for a specific protected term like GM_openSQL_Connection in scripts and notifying the user accordingly.

Although the base web page and <script> nodes are sandboxed to prevent access to GM_openSQL_Connection, crafty script writers could find ways to evade detection, such as:

eval (decodeURI ("GM_op%65nSQL_Connection (...);") )


Therefore, the main concern is identifying the potential methods through which a malicious scripter could trick the restricted function check and implementing safeguards against such manipulation.


Note: Occasional false alarms may be acceptable. For instance, if "GM_openSQL_Connection" is part of a static text string used by the script author, they will simply have to ignore the (false) warning.

Answer №1

How can a malicious scripter deceive the check for restricted function usage?

There are numerous tactics that can be employed, such as utilizing eval() and new Function(), as well as combining functions like String.fromCharCode() and decodeURI() (similar to the provided example).

What measures can be taken to prevent such mischief?

Is it possible to override or hide specific malicious functions/objects/variables?

GM_openSQL_Connection = function() {
   notifyUser();
};

One approach is to use a flag to track any attempts made by the extension to access restricted functions or variables. By setting a variable like isDangerous = false initially, it can be updated to true if any forbidden actions occur, such as calling a restricted function or accessing/modifying a forbidden property using get / set.

If isDangerous is found to be true, it signals that the extension may be engaging in potentially risky function/property interactions.

Answer №2

Attempting to analyze the script to detect its usage of specific interfaces is not the most effective method. It can easily be circumvented through obfuscation, as you may be realizing. This approach is inherently insecure and cannot guarantee success.

Another, more viable alternative is to require script-writers to include a manifest listing the special APIs they require access to. Subsequently, the script can be executed within a secure Javascript sandbox that only grants access to approved APIs specified in the manifest. For instance, if the script does not request GM_openSQL_Connection in its manifest, that API will not be exposed to it.

Given that Javascript permits dynamic language features like monkey-patching and global object access, creating a secure sandbox that limits API access requires considerable effort. Therefore, utilizing an established sandboxing solution is advised. A feasible approach involves sandboxing the user script and providing a library of-API stubs that utilize postMessage to communicate with your extension code via RPC requests. This method prevents the creation of references crossing the sandbox boundary, which often pose significant security risks depending on the sandboxing technology used.

Furthermore, user warnings should be tailored based on the manifest contents. It is crucial to consider the user's perspective - can they comprehend the warnings, make informed decisions, and ultimately be better equipped to make choices than you? Concerns also arise regarding the risk of users becoming desensitized to constant warnings and mindlessly clicking 'ok' (the cry-wolf effect).

For information on Javascript sandboxing technology, I recommend reviewing the following question on IT Security: How to scan Javascript for malicious code?. In the future, IT Security forums may provide answers to similar inquiries.

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