I am encountering an issue where the POST data is not being successfully sent using XMLHttpRequest unless I include

I have a unique website where users can input a cost code, which is then submitted and POSTed to a page called 'process-cost-code.php'. This page performs basic validation checks and saves the information to a database if everything is correct. The 'process-cost-code.php' page then displays a brief message indicating whether the submission was successful or not.

To enhance user experience, I wanted to incorporate JavaScript and XMLHttpRequest to submit this information without redirecting the user to another page. Instead, I aimed to display the responseText in a designated 'feedback' div on the current page.

Although I am relatively new to JavaScript and typically use Notepad for coding, I usually rely on alerts to show key details. Surprisingly, after successfully implementing the feature with the response displaying correctly in the feedback div, I decided to remove some of the alerts, resulting in the entire functionality breaking down. The responseText appeared empty, even when I tried inserting "hello world" into the body of process-cost-code.php.

Strangely, adding an alert right after the .send method seemed to resolve the issue. However, upon removing the alert again, the response failed to appear at all. I also experimented with a wait function after the response but saw no improvement in results.

Do you have any suggestions or ideas on what might be causing this inconsistency? Please see the code snippet below:

    function submit_cost_code() {
      var costCode = document.getElementById("cost-code").value;
      var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
      var url = 'process-cost-code.php';
      var params = 'cost-code=' + costCode;
      xmlhttp.open('POST', url, true);
      xmlhttp.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
      xmlhttp.send(params);

      alert("Why does it only work when I have this alert in place?");

      document.getElementById("feedback").innerHTML = xmlhttp.responseText;
    }

Answer №1

By utilizing the alert prompt in your script, you are essentially giving the system time to respond while you interact with the OK button on the alert. Should the XMLHTTPRequest process be slower than your interaction speed, you might encounter an error.

To ensure the request returns successfully, it is essential to wait for the load event. Therefore, defining the callback function prior to sending the request guarantees the correct order of operations.

In this example provided on SO, I have substituted the URL with a data URI for a functional demonstration of the XMLHTTPRequest process.

document.forms.form01.addEventListener('submit', e => {
  e.preventDefault();
  submit_cost_code(e.target.costcode.value);
});

function submit_cost_code(costCode) {
  var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xmlhttp.addEventListener('load', e => {
    document.getElementById("feedback").innerHTML = e.target.responseText;
  });
  var url = 'data:text/plain,hello';
  var params = 'cost-code=' + costCode;
  xmlhttp.open('POST', url, true);
  xmlhttp.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
  xmlhttp.send(params);
}
<form name="form01">
  <input type="text" name="costcode" value="12">
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
<div id="feedback"></div>

If you are considering using the XMLHttpRequest, there may be benefits related to control. However, an alternative approach with the Fetch API may offer a more streamlined solution (note that the content-type

application/x-www-form-urlencoded
is implied when using FormData):

document.forms.form01.addEventListener('submit', e => {
  e.preventDefault();
  let data = new FormData(e.target);
  fetch('data:text/plain,hello', {method: 'POST', body: data})
    .then(response => response.text())
    .then(text => {
      document.getElementById("feedback").innerHTML = text;
    });
});
<form name="form01">
  <input type="text" name="costcode" value="12">
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
<div id="feedback"></div>

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