Have you ever wondered why MEAN.js applications use the #! symbol at the start of their URLs

Embarking on my first MEAN application build using MEAN.JS, I was intrigued by the structure of how mean.js organizes the application, particularly why URLs begin with /#!/.

For instance, for the login page, I envisioned:

http://example.com/login

instead of:

http://example.com/#!/login

In my search through Express and Angular documentation, as well as the thorough MEAN.JS docs, this URL prefix remained a mystery.

I noticed that in Angular's modules configuration routes file, URLs do not have the #! prefix:

users.client.routes.js:

...
state('login', {
    url: '/login',
    templateUrl: 'modules/users/views/authentication/login.client.view.html'
}).
...

This led me to two inquiries:

  1. What is the reason behind these URL beginnings? Is there a recommended practice associated with it?
  2. If this format isn't detrimental, how and where can these URLs be modified?

Answer №1

One common technique used by Angular and other Single Page App Frameworks is to utilize the hash symbol # in URLs to manipulate browser routing, redirecting client links back to JavaScript rather than making server requests. The $location service plays a crucial role in managing this process.

The $location service decodes the URL from the browser's address bar (using window.location) and makes it accessible to your application. Any changes made to the URL in the address bar are mirrored in the $location service and vice versa.

Some frameworks opt for using hashbang, or #!, to preserve the use of # for traditional page anchors. The angular location service allows customization to enable this feature, or even eliminate the need for # altogether if targeting HTML 5 compliant browsers and setting up server-side redirects accordingly.

The Mean.js development team has embraced the hashbang format as their standard practice. Check out https://github.com/meanjs/mean/blob/master/public/application.js for an example where they set

$locationProvider.hashPrefix('!');

You can further customize this behavior by defining your own prefixes (e.g. $ instead of #$), removing the line mentioned above to revert to standard # usage in Angular, or opting for HTML 5 mode.

It's advisable to thoroughly review the documentation for the $location service, as it covers topics such as impacts on page refresh, handling by web crawlers, server setup considerations, limitations of HTML 5 mode, and more.

Answer №2

For browsers that do not support HTML5, Angular employs hashtags in the URL.

To address this issue, you can implement the following solution:

angular.module('yourapp').config(function($locationProvider) {
    $locationProvider.html5Mode(true); 
}));

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