Generate a distinct MongoDb ObjectId and append it to every element in a preexisting Array

I need to assign a unique Object Id to each transaction Array Object in an existing document.

{
_id: ObjectId(6086d7e7e39add6a5220d0a5),
firstName: "John"
lastName: "Doe"
transactions: [
  {
    date: 2022-04-12T09:00:00.000+00:00
    amount: 286.56
    type: "deposit"
    method: "Bank transfer"
  },
  {
    date: 2022-04-15T09:00:00.000+00:00
    amount: 120.23
    type: "withdrawal"
    method: "cash"
  }]
}

My goal is for each transactions Object to have its own unique ObjectId, but the current query I am using assigns the same ObjectId to all objects:

collection.updateMany({}, [
  {
    $set: {
      transactions: {
        $map: {
          input: "$transactions",
          in: {
            $mergeObjects: ["$$this", { _id: new mongo.ObjectId() }],
          },
        },
      },
    },
  },
]);

I'm trying to figure out why I'm not getting unique ObjectIds for each object in the transactions array. Any insights?

javascriptarraysmongodbobjectobjectid

Answer №1

When running the code new mongo.ObjectId(), it will generate one ID for all members of the driver.
For each member, you need to ensure that the JavaScript runs on the server side.

To enhance efficiency, consider substituting the new mongo.ObjectId() with the following script using $function which executes on the server:
In most cases, it is recommended to avoid using JavaScript, but there may not be an aggregate operator available to create ObjectIds.

An alternative approach would involve creating a $map function entirely in JavaScript with the help of $function.

* Note: Using $function requires MongoDB version 4.4 or higher.

{
  "$function": {
    "body": "function () {return new ObjectId();}",
    "args": [],
    "lang": "js"
  }
}

Answer №2

Modifying the _id field in a document is not allowed as it is tying to modify the main objectId. It's recommended to use a different name for your transaction_id field instead.

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