Factors contributing to variations in performance among different types of iterators

Exploring the capabilities of JavaScript's new array functions, I noticed significant differences in performance with the code snippets below. Check out the comparison on jsfiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/jKUm5/

Slowest for var i in array (67.2ms):

for (var a=0;a<amount;a++) {
    for (var b in arr) {
        arr[b]++;
    }
}

JS 5.1 array.forEach (2.1ms):

for (var c=0;c<amount;c++) {
    arr.forEach(function(e,i,a) {
        arr[i]++;
    });
}

Fastest (default)

for var i=0;i<array.length;i++
(1.1ms):

for (var d=0;d<amount;d++) {
    for (var e=0;e<arr.length;e++) {
        arr[e]++;
    }
}

Initially, I believed using for var i in array was good practice compared to the default method, but it turns out the default is actually faster!

Here are my main questions:

  • What causes the poor performance of for var i in array?
  • Why do we need another iterator method when we already have the default iterators?

Answer №1

When using a for-in loop, all properties on an object are iterated, not just array values. This means that the loop has to retrieve property values from the object rather than simply creating an array index like the other two methods do. Not only is this method slower, but it is also considered incorrect for iterating over arrays. If any iterable methods or properties are added to the Array prototype, they will be included in the iteration when using a for-in loop.

The .forEach() method is provided for convenience, and sometimes the closure created by the callback can be useful, especially when accessing the array index in an asynchronous callback. However, it is important to note that it may be slower because it involves a function call with arguments for each iteration compared to the third method which does not have an additional function call for each iteration.

It is worth mentioning that in Firefox, the .forEach() method is actually the slowest of the three methods, so performance can vary depending on the browser being used.

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