Exploring the variations in method declarations within Vue.js

Today, while working with Vue, I came across an interesting observation.

When initially using Vue, there were two common ways to define a method:

methods: {
    foo: () => {
        //perform some action
    }
}

and

methods: {
    foo() {
        //perform some action
    }
}

Both of these methods worked perfectly fine. However, today, when I tried defining a method similar to the first example, I encountered some issues with the scope of this inside the function.

Just to provide some context:

I had my data defined as follows:

data() {
    return {
        fooVar: ''
    }
}

The method I defined looked like this:

methods: {
    foo: () => {
        console.log('Foo: ' + this.fooVar);
    }
}

Upon checking the console, it displayed:

Foo: undefined

Subsequently, I modified the method declaration to:

foo() {
    console.log('Foo: ' + this.fooVar)
}

Surprisingly, this change resolved the issue without any hassle.

Although I believed that foo() {...} and foo: () => {...} are essentially equivalent (excluding syntax differences), I began to wonder if the scope of the function differs between the two approaches.

Does the scope indeed change, and if so, what prompts this change?

Answer №1

This inquiry pertains more to the fundamental principles of JavaScript rather than Vue specifically.

To put it simply, arrow functions (defined as (x) => { doSomething(x); }) operate differently from regular functions. They lack their own "this" context and only have access to the scope in which they are created (if there is no specific scope, 'this' defaults to window or global in Node.js). It is recommended to utilize arrow functions in situations where they do not act as methods for an object instance.

Answer №2

You have come across a key distinction between traditional function declaration and fat arrow declaration.

The crucial difference lies in how the this keyword is handled. When using the function keyword to declare a function, a new this object is created (although sometimes it may actually be undefined). On the other hand, when using fat arrow declaration, the function will utilize the this from the scope in which it is declared.

The main motivation behind introducing fat arrow syntax is to simplify accessing the original scope's this value within callbacks. Previously, one had to store this value in another variable for reference purposes, as shown below:

function doSmth () {
 var times = 0
 var that = this //or var self = this
 setInterval( function () {
  that.times ++
  console.log(that.time)
 }, 1000)
}

This method was cumbersome, leading to the adoption of fat arrow syntax. Additionally, the new syntax is more succinct and, arguably, easier to comprehend.

Another notable contrast between fat arrow and traditional function declarations is that Function.apply cannot be used with fat arrow functions. Since the this context is fixed to the declaring scope, it remains unaffected by calls to apply. This detail is significant because certain libraries rely on the ability to modify this when invoking a callback. While these distinctions are usually highlighted in documentation, it is essential to be mindful of this differentiation.

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