Exploring the Concept of Adding Two Numbers Algorithm

While working on a LeetCode problem, I came across the following scenario:

You are given two non-empty linked lists representing two non-negative integers. The digits are stored in reverse order and each of their nodes contain a single digit. Add the two numbers and return it as a linked list.

You may assume the two numbers do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.

During this process, I discovered the following algorithm:

function ListNode(val) {
      this.val = val;
      this.next = null;
 }

 //This function is called
var addTwoNumbers = function(l1, l2) {    
    let remainder = 0
    let l3 = {}
    let head = l3
    while (l1 || l2 || remainder) {
        let sum = remainder
        function sumList (linkedList) {
            if (linkedList) {
                sum += linkedList.val
                return linkedList.next
            }
            return null
        }
        l1 = sumList(l1)
        l2 = sumList(l2)
        if (sum>9) {
            remainder = 1
            sum -= 10
        } else {
            remainder = 0
        }

        head.next = new ListNode(sum)
        head = head.next
    }
    return l3.next
};

At one point, I found myself questioning the purpose of l3 in this algorithm. It seems essential for its functionality.

For more details on the question, you can visit:

Answer №1

l3 serves as a repository for tracking all the modifications made to head's values. For instance, if I initialize two variables like this:

var a = {};
var b = a;

It means that b is simply a reference to the same object as a. So any changes made to b will automatically reflect in a as well.

This concept extends to nested objects as well. Consider the following scenario:

var c = {value: 1, next:{innerValue: 1}};
var d = c;
d.value = 2;

In this case, modifying the value of d also affects c. However, it gets more intriguing when we delve deeper into nested objects and manipulate them:

d = d.next;
d.innerValue = 2;

Surprisingly, even this update influences c! This demonstrates how c retains a log of all the alterations while d explores its nested structures freely. Upon execution, c and d will exhibit the following values:

console.log(c);//{value: 2, next:{innerValue: 2}}
console.log(d);//{innerValue: 2}

Here, l3 plays a similar role to c in relation to d. Therefore, when the algorithm progresses with lines like:

head.next = new ListNode(sum)
head = head.next

You can rest assured that your revision history is secure thanks to l3 diligently recording every change.

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