Exploring 3D structures with WebGL volume rendering

My requirements include:

  1. Having a 3D array with dataset for display
  2. A 4x4 matrix for defining volume spacing, scaling, and orientation
  3. An opacity transfer function
  4. A color transfer function

I want to implement volume rendering (MIP, RayCasting, etc.) using ThreeJS. What WebGL shaders should I create to accomplish this task? While existing implementations are useful for reference, I am mainly seeking direct answers.

Should I focus on working at the shader level or stick to JavaScript for implementation?

Answer №1

Explore the WAVE Client Renderer Library which utilizes Three.js for Volume Rendering through Ray Casting.

The technique of GPU accelerated Volume Ray Casting typically involves multi-pass rendering.

In the initial pass, shaders are basic and work by mapping the texture coordinates at object positions where the rays intersect with the back side of the cube.

If you need to access GLSL shader examples, check out the ejs template provided below:

firstPass.frag

precision mediump int; 
precision mediump float; 

varying vec4 backColor; 

void main(void) 
{ 
    gl_FragColor = backColor; 
} 

firstPass.vert

precision mediump int; 
precision mediump float; 

attribute vec4 vertColor; 

varying vec4 backColor; 
varying vec4 pos;
 
void main(void) 
{ 
    backColor = vertColor;

    pos = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
    gl_Position = pos;
}  

The second pass involves actual data sampling and visualization of the final image.

secondPass.vert

precision mediump int; 
precision mediump float;

attribute vec4 vertColor; 
varying vec4 backColor; 
varying vec4 pos;

void main(void)
{
    backColor = vertColor;

    pos = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
    gl_Position = pos;
}

secondPass.frag

#ifdef GL_FRAGMENT_PRECISION_HIGH
// highp is supported 
precision highp int; 
precision highp float;
#else
// high is not supported 
precision mediump int; 
precision mediump float;
#endif

... (omitted for brevity)

gl_FragColor = accum;
}

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