differences between object access and array access in JavaScript

I have been accumulating a series of data that increases gradually in size. Now, I am faced with the task of finding a specific row within this data using its unique Id. In my quest to optimize this search process, I have considered two potential options. The first involves creating an array and continuously pushing new rows into it. When the time comes to find a particular row, I would then sift through the items in the array or utilize the array prototype function (find). On the other hand, the second option proposes creating an object where each new row is added as a property, with the name of the property being the Id of the respective row. Then, whenever I need to retrieve a row, I simply access the property of the object by its name (Id). Now, the burning question remaining is: which of these options represents the most efficient approach? Or perhaps there exists a third alternative I have yet to consider?

Option One:

const array = [  
       {  
          "Id":15659,
          "FeederCode":169,
          "NmberOfRepetition":1
       },
       {  
          "Id":15627,
          "FeederCode":98,
          "NmberOfRepetition":2
       },
       {  
          "Id":15557,
          "FeederCode":98,
          "NmberOfRepetition":1
       }
    ]

For each new row, it gets pushed into this array. To access:

array.find(x => x.Id === 15659)

Option Two:

const object =   {  
       15659:{  
          "Id":15659,
          "FeederCode":169,
          "NmberOfRepetition":1
       },
       15627:{  
          "Id":15627,
          "FeederCode":98,
          "NmberOfRepetition":2
       },
       15557:{  
          "Id":15557,
          "FeederCode":98,
          "NmberOfRepetition":1
       }
    }

When a new row arrives, a new property is added to this object. To access: object[15659]

Edit: I once came across information suggesting that adding new properties to existing objects can be quite costly.

Answer №1

If you want to optimize your search operations, it is recommended to utilize the Object data structure instead of the Array.

The time complexity for searching in an Object is O(1), while in an Array it is O(n). Therefore, for improved performance, using the Object is more efficient.

Answer №2

When it comes to the initial scenario, you will need to loop through the array every time with Find.

On the other hand, in the second scenario, you can access a property directly resulting in a fixed O(1) execution time regardless of the number of items present. Therefore, for optimal performance, sticking with the second approach is recommended.

Answer №3

According to @NikhilAggarwal, reading from objects is quicker and takes O(1) time. Intrigued by this, I delved into V8 optimizations and decided to run a benchmark test using JavaScript for verification.

Below are the results of my experiment:

Number of entries in obj or arr : 100000

  1. Number of fetch operations from Obj: 47,174,859 ops/sec
  2. Number of search operation from Array: 612 ops/sec

Interestingly, when we reduce the number of entries, the performance difference between objects and arrays becomes even more pronounced.

Number of entries in obj or arr : 100

  1. Number of fetch operations from Obj: 44,264,116 ops/sec
  2. Number of search operation from Array: 520,709 ops/sec

Number of entries in obj or arr : 10

  1. Number of fetch operations from Obj: 46,739,607 ops/sec
  2. Number of search operation from Array: 3,611,517 ops/sec

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