Detecting collisions between a cube and sphere using three.js: A guide

There are two basic 3D shapes, a sphere and a cube, in my current scene. I am seeking a method to determine whether they are in collision with each other or not.

Could you advise me on how to accomplish this task?

Answer №1

To determine if two objects are potentially colliding, a straightforward approach would be to calculate the euclidean distance between them using Vector3's distanceTo() or distanceToSquared functions.

For example:

console.log(yourCube.position.distanceToSquared(yourSphere.position));

If this calculated distance is greater than the sum of the sphere's radius and the cube's side, it could indicate a collision. The use of distanceToSquared is recommended due to its efficiency (as it avoids square root operations) while still being effective in collision detection.

Note: This method provides an approximate collision check, essentially treating both objects as spheres (with the cube approximated as a sphere with a radius equal to half its side length). Although not perfectly accurate, it offers a simple and quick implementation for most scenarios.

Be aware that this method may not detect collisions at the corners of the cube until a certain threshold distance. Adjusting this 'threshold' by considering different ratios based on the cube's size can improve collision estimation accuracy.

Another approach involves finding the closest point on the sphere to the cube:

  • Calculate the vector from the sphere's center to the cube's center
  • Determine the point on the sphere in the direction of the cube by normalizing this difference vector and scaling it by the sphere's radius
  • Check if this point lies within the cube's axis-aligned bounding box (AABB)

For instance:

var pointOnSphere = yourSphere.position.clone().sub(yourCube.position).normalize().multiplyScalar(yourSphereRadius);

Please test this snippet thoroughly to verify its functionality, especially by placing a particle at the coordinates of pointOnSphere.

While more sophisticated 3D collision detection algorithms exist (referenced in this book), prioritizing simplicity and speed in implementation is generally advisable.

Answer №2

Regrettably, three.js does not come equipped with a collision detector: Looking for Collision detection?.

You may want to consider utilizing plugin libraries for this purpose. One example is: http;//yomotsu.github.com/threejs-examples/cannonjs_box/.

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