Creating flat images from a three-dimensional volume

Question

Creating flat images from a three-dimensional volume

Currently, I am working on generating real-time mock-ultrasound images using volumetric CT data. A unique aspect of this project is that the user can control the position of the probe, determining the plane they are viewing.

My approach so far involves extracting pixel data from all DICOM images and combining them into a single 3D pixel array. The next step is to slice this 3D array at different angles. To visualize this process, picture a 3D rectangular box (100 pixels wide and deep [x,z] and 500 long [y]) with a 2D "viewing plane" (50 x 50 pixels). Initially, the viewing plane's position starts at [0,25] with the origin at [50,250,0] (center of the top surface, looking down). It is oriented left to right, cutting straight through the rectangle. Three parameters govern the placement of the viewing plane - location of the origin, rotation around the vertical axis, and tilt around the intersection line within the box. By adjusting these parameters, users can create an image composed of the pixels intersected by the viewing plane.

Although my explanation might be unclear due to my limited mathematics background as a medical student, I would greatly appreciate any assistance or guidance in this project.

javascript arrays 3d

Answer 1

Answer №1

Using the 2D equation for a line and solving for each x value while rounding the y variable to the nearest integer was suggested by Edje09 yesterday.

However, there are two main issues with this method in the 2D case:

If the line has a gradient steeper than 1, some pixels may be missed.
Rounding can result in choosing a pixel above the intended choice.

This pdf addresses these issues and presents a possible solution for the 2D scenario which can later be extended to 3D.

UPDATE: I have outlined a potential solution for the 3D case in another pdf. This outline can potentially be translated into an algorithm and then code. Please note that I haven't done any verification yet, but it should help you progress further.

CODE ADDED: The following Javascript code appears to meet your requirements. It might run slow, so patience is advised after clicking SET. Additionally, the 'pane' doesn't clear between views, making it hard to notice any changes until the 'pane' refreshes. I've only tested using two images to represent 100 pixels in the z direction. The first code line in the function getPixels handles this limitation; remove it for a full set of images in the z direction. The tests conducted are somewhat basic but seem satisfactory. A complete set of images would provide more accurate testing results.

In my conception, the 3D array is viewed as a series of D images where image(0) lies at the back and running in the z direction towards image(D-1) at the front. Each image has a width W in the x direction and height H in the y direction. Thanks for presenting this challenge; I found it quite enjoyable.

The links to a zipped folder containing the images used can be found at the end of the code.

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
...
Above javascript code continues here...
... 
</body>
</html>

Images used in the code

Answer 2

Using the 2D equation for a line and solving for each x value while rounding the y variable to the nearest integer was suggested by Edje09 yesterday.

However, there are two main issues with this method in the 2D case:

If the line has a gradient steeper than 1, some pixels may be missed.
Rounding can result in choosing a pixel above the intended choice.

This pdf addresses these issues and presents a possible solution for the 2D scenario which can later be extended to 3D.

UPDATE: I have outlined a potential solution for the 3D case in another pdf. This outline can potentially be translated into an algorithm and then code. Please note that I haven't done any verification yet, but it should help you progress further.

CODE ADDED: The following Javascript code appears to meet your requirements. It might run slow, so patience is advised after clicking SET. Additionally, the 'pane' doesn't clear between views, making it hard to notice any changes until the 'pane' refreshes. I've only tested using two images to represent 100 pixels in the z direction. The first code line in the function getPixels handles this limitation; remove it for a full set of images in the z direction. The tests conducted are somewhat basic but seem satisfactory. A complete set of images would provide more accurate testing results.

In my conception, the 3D array is viewed as a series of D images where image(0) lies at the back and running in the z direction towards image(D-1) at the front. Each image has a width W in the x direction and height H in the y direction. Thanks for presenting this challenge; I found it quite enjoyable.

The links to a zipped folder containing the images used can be found at the end of the code.

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
...
Above javascript code continues here...
... 
</body>
</html>

Images used in the code

Answer 3

Answer №2

This problem has really caught my attention, and I began dissecting it only to encounter some significant roadblocks. The task is far more complex than it initially appears! To simplify things, I started by considering a 1D slice through a 2D array. However, it quickly became apparent that determining which pixels belong to the slice isn't straightforward for every scenario. I've prepared a comprehensive PDF document illustrating this issue. If you'd like to take a look, here's the link to the PDF file: Issues 2D. More contemplation is needed before a viable solution can be proposed. I regret not being able to provide further assistance at this moment.

Answer 4

This problem has really caught my attention, and I began dissecting it only to encounter some significant roadblocks. The task is far more complex than it initially appears! To simplify things, I started by considering a 1D slice through a 2D array. However, it quickly became apparent that determining which pixels belong to the slice isn't straightforward for every scenario. I've prepared a comprehensive PDF document illustrating this issue. If you'd like to take a look, here's the link to the PDF file: Issues 2D. More contemplation is needed before a viable solution can be proposed. I regret not being able to provide further assistance at this moment.

Creating flat images from a three-dimensional volume

Answer №1

Answer №2

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