There are numerous intricate questions on Stack Overflow about whether a complex structure is considered valid JSON.
However, what about something much simpler?
"12345"
Would the provided code snippet be considered valid JSON?
There are numerous intricate questions on Stack Overflow about whether a complex structure is considered valid JSON.
However, what about something much simpler?
"12345"
Would the provided code snippet be considered valid JSON?
Affirmative, in the majority of situations. It serves as valid JSON syntax that represents a JSON value.
The prevalent confusion stems from Douglas Crockford's RFC 4627, which initially outlined the application/json internet media type back in 2006. The document stated:
A JSON text is a serialized object or array.
Nevertheless, Crockford clarified in a 2013 post (regrettably deleted along with the rest of Google+, but archived here):
JSON is essentially a grammar, encompassing numbers and strings. Usage of JSON needs to be more restrictive by nature. RFC-4627 is just one potential utilization and was never meant to serve as the definitive standard for JSON itself.
The provided string exemplifies a genuine JSON value, yet it would have been inaccurate to employ it as the complete "JSON text" content of an application/json HTTP response. However, this notion no longer holds true: RFC-4627 became obsolete in 2014 with the release of RFC 7159, allowing the use of any JSON value:
A JSON text is a serialized value. It's important to note that prior JSON specifications restricted a JSON text to either an object or an array.
In 2013, a "standard for JSON itself" was also introduced in the form of ECMA-404, and JSON was defined within edition 5.1 of the ECMAScript (JavaScript) specification found in ECMA-262. These standards, alongside most parsers, permit any JSON value to function as a complete JSON text, even if it's merely a basic string.
Since 2014, RFC 7159 has replaced the older JSON RFCs and established that every JSON value counts as valid JSON text and legitimate application/json content - even strings. However, it does highlight the challenge of compatibility with previous JSON implementations:
Keep in mind that before, some JSON specifications limited a JSON text to only being an object or an array. Systems that exclusively produce objects or arrays instead of a valid JSON text remain interoperable because all systems will recognize them as compliant JSON texts.
This JSON string is considered valid, although it does not conform to a JSON object format.
For more information on JSON, visit json.org
When this query was originally crafted, it would not have constituted a legitimate JSON text. Rather, it would have been a valid string that could potentially be part of a JSON text.
The initial specification stated:
A JSON text is a serialized object or array.
This implies that the primary structure had to be either {} or [], and couldn't just start with a string.
The most recent specification now states:
A JSON text is a serialized value. It's worth noting that previous versions of the JSON specifications restricted a JSON text to being an object or an array.
As a result, any value, including a string like "12345", can now constitute a complete JSON text and is considered valid.
It's important to understand the capabilities of JSON.parse:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/parse#examples
Below are some examples of valid JSON:
JSON.parse('{}'); // {}
JSON.parse('true'); // true
JSON.parse('"foo"'); // "foo"
JSON.parse('[1, 5, "false"]'); // [1, 5, "false"]
JSON.parse('null'); // null
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