Combining round brackets and square brackets when initializing an array

In the snippet below, values are assigned with a mix of parentheses and square brackets without any errors. However, most other combinations (such as parentheses inside square brackets) do not work at all.

var myItems = [];
myItems[5] = ("A1", "B1", ["C1","C2","C3"]);

When printed in different browsers, the values remain consistent.

myItems[5]: C1,C2,C3
myItems[5][0]: C1
myItems[5][1]: C2
myItems[5][2]: C3
myItems[5][2][0]: C
myItems[5][2][1]: 3
myItems[5][2][2]: undefined

It appears that only the content within the square brackets is being recognized. Is this outcome dictated by the JavaScript standard (ECMA-262)? Or is it simply how the interpreter/engine (Chrome and Firefox in this scenario) handled an invalid usage?

var myItems = [];
//myItems[5] = ["A1", "B1", ["C1","C2","C3"]];
myItems[5] = ("A1", "B1", ["C1","C2","C3"]);

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = 
"myItems[5]:       " + myItems[5]       + "<br/>" +
"myItems[5][0]:    " + myItems[5][0]    + "<br/>" +
"myItems[5][1]:    " + myItems[5][1]    + "<br/>" +
"myItems[5][2]:    " + myItems[5][2]    + "<br/>" +
"myItems[5][2][0]: " + myItems[5][2][0] + "<br/>" +
"myItems[5][2][1]: " + myItems[5][2][1] + "<br/>" +
"myItems[5][2][2]: " + myItems[5][2][2] + "<br/>" +
"";
<p id="demo"></p>

EDIT: While I understand the correct use of brackets (as demonstrated in my fiddle), I'm questioning if the result is deterministic with such incorrect usage. As the interpreters I've tested show no error and yield identical outcomes, I am curious whether these results are guaranteed by the standard and/or if other interpreters would behave similarly.

Answer №1

Quoted from The comma operator explanation on MDN

The comma operator goes through each of its elements (starting from the left) and returns the value of the last element.

Therefore,

myItems[5] = ("A1", "B1", ["C1","C2","C3"]);

Becomes

myItems[5] = (["C1","C2","C3"]);

Now you have an array with 6 items (5x undefined and the array of three strings you placed in the sixth position).

And that's exactly what is being displayed.

Answer №2

When it comes to the comma operator, it evaluates its operands from left to right and returns the value of the last one. You can trust Mozilla for this explanation, or you can dive into what ECMA has to say on the topic.

The grouping operator, denoted by ( ), is all about controlling the precedence of evaluation in expressions, as explained by Mozilla. Check out the link to ECMA for more insights.

In this specific case, the grouping operator doesn't do much since there's only one expression being grouped. Essentially, it's just a list of values separated by commas, with the last one being an array that gets assigned.


We often see the comma operator used in bulk variable assignment like var foo = 1, bar = 2, baz = 3;. According to the spec, even though only the last item is returned, each item must be evaluated because it could have side effects. In common scenarios like this, values are assigned to each variable.

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