Can you explain the purpose of using square brackets in the ".config([...])" syntax for dependency injection in AngularJS?

Upon diving into the AngularJS documentation and development guide on dependency injection, I was greeted with a syntax that seemed unfamiliar compared to what I had previously learned.

The concepts of factory methods and module methods introduced at the beginning of the dependency injection guide left me puzzled.

An excerpt from the documentation provided an example:

angular.module('myModule', [])
.config(['depProvider', function(depProvider) {
  // ...
}])
.run(['depService', function(depService) {
  // ...
}])

With no detailed implementation offered, grasping the syntax proved to be challenging, especially since the example shown for .config did not include square brackets during declaration as I had seen before.

I sought understanding regarding the significance of square brackets in .factory, .directive, and .config, along with comprehending the syntax as a whole. It appeared markedly different from a previous example which focused on configuring services using providers.

//define a module
var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", []);
...
//create a service using provider 
//which defines a method square to return square of a number.
mainApp.config(function($provide) {
   $provide.provider('MathService', function() {
      this.$get = function() {
         var factory = {};  
         factory.multiply = function(a, b) {
            return a * b; 
         }
         return factory;
      };
   });
});

Could the disparity between the two examples stem from them belonging to distinct versions of AngularJS?

Answer №1

Utilizing arrays is the optimal approach when compressing your JavaScript file. For instance, consider these two examples.

mainApp.config(function($provide){});

Once compressed, it will appear as:

mainApp.config(function(a){});

Since there is no angular dependency named 'a', Angular will raise an error in this scenario.

The resolution to this issue is using an alias. Use array notation, specify dependencies in string format, and employ that dependency with any desired variable name within the method.

By implementing the following:

mainApp.config(['$provide', function($provide){}]);

Post compression, it transforms into:

mainApp.config(['$provide', function(a){}]);

Because strings cannot be minified during the process, the dependency names remain unchanged. Consequently, your application continues to function properly after the minification of JS files.

Answer №2

There are two ways to write it, each with a different purpose when it comes to minifying files.

mainApp.config(function($provide){});

When you minify a file, you need to provide a reference to the dependencies before the function in order for them to be properly referenced after minification.

mainApp.config(['$provide', function($provide){}]);

To learn more about Dependency Injection and minification, check out this link.

Answer №3

Minifying scripts in a production environment can sometimes lead to issues if not done carefully. Angular depends on parameter names to inject dependencies into controllers and services, so if these names are changed during minification, Angular may not be able to locate the dependencies.

By using array syntax, all dependencies are listed as strings first, ensuring they are not affected by code minification tools.

For more information, refer to the documentation, specifically the section on Dependency Annotation.

Another method that is resistant to minification is utilizing the $inject property. For example:

MyController.$inject = ['$scope', 'greeter'];
someModule.controller('MyController', MyController);

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