Can anyone provide guidance on creating a Jest test for an authenticated Express endpoint?

I have been working on a seemingly straightforward 4-file toy solution that I thought was simple. I am looking to write a Jest test for the '/bingo' route in bingo.js which requires authentication. Below are the four files that make up this setup.

  • index.js, the root file for the Express app
  • routes/auth.js, containing a basic authentication POST endpoint
  • routes/bingo.js, an endpoint requiring user authentication
  • middleware/authentication.js, a middleware for session user check

I am currently stuck and struggling to figure out how to write unit tests specifically for the bingo.js endpoint without having to run the entire application through index.js. I do not require full end-to-end testing as that is covered by Cypress tests.

I have tried various approaches such as trying to isolate the auth step, mocking sessions, and attempting to set the session on Supertest...

If anyone could provide some guidance or at least point me in the right direction, it would be greatly appreciated.

index.js

// index.js

const express = require("express");
const cookieParser = require("cookie-parser");
const session = require("express-session");
const app = express();

const bingoRouter = require("./routes/bingo");
const authRouter = require("./routes/auth");

// Middleware
app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());

app.use(
  session({
    cookie: { maxAge: 300000 },
    store: new session.MemoryStore(),
    saveUninitialized: true,
    resave: "true",
    secret: "our_really_secret_key",
  })
);

app.use("/bingo", bingoRouter);
app.use("/auth", authRouter);

app.use((req, res) => {
  return res.status(404).json({
    error: "Not Found",
  });
});

app.listen(port);

module.exports = app;

auth.js

// routes/auth.js
const express = require("express");
const router = express.Router();
const jwt = require("jsonwebtoken");
const secretKey = "our_really_secret_key";

// Authenticate user
router.post("/login", async (req, res) => {
  const { username, password } = req.body;
  const user = { username: "username", password: "password", is_admin: true };
  if (user && user.password === "password") {
    req.session.user = user;
    res.redirect("/bingo");
  } else {
    res.render("auth", { error: "Invalid username or password" });
  }
});

bingo.js

// routes/bingo
const { isAdmin } = require("../middleware/authentication");
const express = require("express");
const router = express.Router();

router.use(isAdmin);

router.get("/", async function (req, res) {
  res.render("bingo", {
    user: req.session.user,
  });
});

module.exports = router;

authentication.js

// middleware/authentication.js
exports.isAdmin = (req, res, next) => {
  if (req.session.user && req.session.user.is_admin) {
    // User is authenticated & admin, allow access to route
    next();
  } else {
    // User is not authenticated or not admin, redirect to login page
    res.redirect("/auth");
  }
};

Answer №1

To test your bingo.js endpoint with Jest and Supertest, you can mock the isAdmin middleware. This method allows you to mimic an authenticated user without going through the actual authentication process. Here's a step-by-step guide:

  1. Mocking the isAdmin Middleware: By mocking the isAdmin middleware, you can skip the authentication check and directly test the behavior of your bingo.js route. The mock function will always call next(), simulating an authenticated user.

  2. Example Test Configuration:

    const request = require('supertest');
    const app = require('../index'); // Import your Express app
    const { isAdmin } = require('../middleware/authentication');
    
    // Mock the isAdmin middleware
    jest.mock('../middleware/authentication', () => ({
      isAdmin: (req, res, next) => next(),
    }));
    
    describe('GET /bingo', () => {
      it('should grant access to an authenticated user', async () => {
        const response = await request(app).get('/bingo');
        expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
        // Include more assertions as needed
      });
    });
    

    This test verifies whether an authenticated user can reach the /bingo endpoint.

  3. Testing Unauthorized Access: To examine the behavior for unauthorized users, adjust the mock of isAdmin to imitate a failed authentication, such as redirecting to the login page.

  4. Introducing a Known User: If you wish to test using a specific user object in the session, modify the mock to include a req.session.user object.

  5. Executing Tests: Ensure to run your Jest tests with the --runInBand flag to prevent issues with session management and concurrency.

This approach concentrates on testing the bingo.js route independently and is suitable for unit testing situations where you don't need to assess the entire application flow.

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