Best practices for sharing data between controllers in an Angular application

It appears that this topic has been discussed before, but...

While service or events can be used for this purpose, there is conflicting information online about the frequency of using events.

Creating a separate service may not be the ideal solution either. How can data changes be monitored? How should notifications be handled? More events?

And what about the performance implications of each approach?

So, what is truly the optimal and perhaps the best method for sharing data between controllers in an Angular application? Is it even advisable to do so? Could it indicate underlying architectural or conceptual issues within our application?

Please provide guidance and advice

Thank you in advance

UPDATE

This question arises frequently, as there are scenarios where data sharing becomes necessary. I am curious if this aligns with Angular's principles.

Answer №1

Scope inheritance can be one approach to sharing data:

angular.module('app', [])
.run(['$rootScope', function($rootScope){
  $rootScope.sharedObj = {search:''};
}])
.controller('navCtr',['$scope',function($scope){
}])
.controller('routeCtr',['$scope',function($scope){
  $scope.$watch("sharedObj.search",function(d){
    $scope.data = d ? 'Searched data is ' + d : '';
  });
}]);
.main div{
  display:inline-block;
  border:1px solid black;
  height:100px;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.navigation{
  width: 20%
}
.navigation input{
  max-width: 70%;
}

.page {
  width: 75%
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.23/angular.min.js"></script>

<div ng-app="app" class="main">
  <div ng-controller="navCtr" class="navigation">
    search: <br/>
    <input ng-model="sharedObj.search"/>
  </div>
  <div ng-controller="routeCtr" class="page">
    {{data}}
  </div>
</div>

Alternatively, using a shared service can also achieve the same result:

angular.module('app', [])
.factory('srcObject',[function(){
  return {
    value: ''
  }
}])
.controller('navCtr',['$scope', 'srcObject', function($scope, srcObject){
  $scope.search = srcObject;
}])
.controller('routeCtr',['$scope', 'srcObject', function($scope, srcObject){
  $scope.$watch(function(){return srcObject.value},function(d){
    $scope.data = d ? 'Searched data is ' + d : '';
  });
}]);
.main div{
  display:inline-block;
  border:1px solid black;
  height:100px;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.navigation{
  width: 20%
}
.navigation input{
  max-width: 70%;
}

.page {
  width: 75%
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.23/angular.min.js"></script>

<div ng-app="app" class="main">
  <div ng-controller="navCtr" class="navigation">
    search: <br/>
    <input ng-model="search.value"/>
  </div>
  <div ng-controller="routeCtr" class="page">
    {{data}}
  </div>
</div>

Answer №2

One efficient way to bind the context of the controller directly to the service is by avoiding excessive use of $scope, minimizing property definitions in directive's isolate scopes, and eliminating the need for interaction with $rootScope. By leveraging this approach, you can ensure that everything requiring binding is linked to the internal API of your global service.

This strategy proves valuable for applications necessitating extensive data sharing and awareness among numerous components. It was successfully implemented in a video player project where various application parts needed to exchange information and access each other’s status, such as the number of video players on-screen, their current time, duration, and source.

Nevertheless, this pattern may not be ideal for constructing fully reusable components since it mandates reliance on a specific service within the directive. Nonetheless, consolidating all necessary properties for your application components into a single value component enables convenient definition of your internal API.

Regarding performance implications of sharing substantial objects via dirty checking, potential burdens should be considered.

directive

function() {
    return {
        //if you want the service to hold all the data the directive needs
        //you don't need to define any properties here
        scope: {},
        controller: "SomeCtrl"
    };
}

directive's controller

angular
    .module("app")
    .controller("SomeCtrl", ["globalService", function(globalService) {
        var vm = this;
        vm.globalService = globalService;
    }]);

html

<div>{{vm.globalService.someProperty}}</div>

in some deeply nested template url

<!-- another tradeoff is the long naming that can result -->

<div 
    ng-click="panel.state = !panel.state;"
    ng-repeat="panel in vm.globalService.dashboard.sidebar.panelConfig">{{panel.display}}</div>

constants

angular
    .module("app")
    .value("internalAPI", {
        someInitializedThing: true,
        someConfig: [
            { state: true, display: "foobar" },
            { state: false, display: "starts off false" }
        ],
        dashboard: {
            sidebar: {
                panelConfig: [
                    { display: "one panel", state: true },
                    { display: "special panel", state: false }
                ]
            }
        }  
    });

let your service register the API you've defined

angular
    .module("app")
    .service("globalService", ["internalAPI", function(API) {
        var tmp = {};
        for (var p in API)
            tmp[p] = API[p];
        return tmp;
    }])

    //now someplace else, globalService.someNavBar = true

Answer №3

If you're interested in sharing data between controllers, I recommend checking out my post on the topic:

Don't forget to take a look at the JSFiddle example linked at the end of the blog post for some hands-on practice!

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