Angular directive: Exploring the disparities between controller scope and link function scope

As I delve into the world of Angular directives, the concept of scope is proving to be quite challenging for me. Let's consider a custom directive named parentDirective, which has both a controller property and a link property:

angular.module("app").directive("parentDirective", function () {
    return {
        restrict: "E",
        templateUrl: "dirs/parent.html",
        scope:{
            character: "="
        },
        controller: function ($scope) {
            $scope.getData = function (data) {
                console.log(data);
            }
        },
        link: function (scope,elem, attrs) {
            elem.bind("click", function (e) {
                //retrieve object here?
            });
            scope.getData = function (data) {
                console.log(data);
            }
        }
    }
});

The template for this directive looks like this:

<p ng-click="getData(character)">
    {{character.name}}
</p>

In this scenario, I can access the character object within the controller function using $scope, and in the link function using scope. But what exactly sets these two methods apart? Furthermore, I'm curious if it's possible to bind a click event to the directive in order to retrieve the object like so:

    elem.bind("click", function (e) {
        //retrieve object here?
    });

Answer №1

Each directive instance has its own scope, which remains the same object in all functions.

When it comes to defining methods on the scope, there is no difference whether they are declared in the controller or the link function, unless there is a race condition requiring early method definition. In such cases, it is advisable to define scope methods in the controller.

An event handler is just like any other function. For example:

elem.on("click", function (e) {
  scope.$apply(function () {
    scope.character...
  });
});

The scope.$apply(...) wrapper doesn't cause harm, but its necessity depends on the operations involving scope.character.

A directive can have only a controller without a link. Current Angular versions (1.5+) recommend using bindToController + controllerAs instead of scope bindings for directives and components.

In this style, the directive structure may be as follows:

restrict: "E",
template: '<p>{{$ctrl.character.name}}</p>',
controllerAs: '$ctrl',
bindToController: { character: "=" },
controller: function ($element, $scope) {
    var self = this;

    self.getData = function (data) { ... };

    $element.on("click", function (e) {
        scope.$apply(function () {
            self.character...
        });
    });
}

The link function could potentially be replaced by utilizing the $postLink controller hook, although not necessary in this scenario.

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